Latitudes and Longitudes 1.pptx for class 6

for class 6

1. Navya Rai

2. ▣ The term used to describe the shape of the Earth is geoid , meaning ‘Earth Shaped ’. The Earth is slightly bulging at the equator and flattened at the poles ▣ Earth rotates on its own axis. ▣ The end points of the axis of the Earth are called poles. ▣ The pole which points towards the Pole Star is called North Pole. ▣ The opposite end is called South Pole Navya Rai

3. ▣ The globe is used as a true representation of the Earth because it is modelled after the shape of the Earth. Navya Rai

4. The equator divides the earth into two equal parts Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere

5. Parallels Parallels are imaginary lines that circle the Earth. These lines are parallel to the equator. The equator is the principal parallel.

6. Meridians Meridians are imaginary lines that run from pole to pole.

7. ▣ The parallels and meridians can be used to define the location and the direction of a place The network of parallels and meridians on a globe is earths grid Navya Rai

8. ▣ Latitude is the angular distance between the Equator and any place north or south of it. Navya Rai

9. The circles drawn between North Pole and South Pole are called parallels or lines of latitude *The latitude of a place is always expressed in degrees *There are 360 degrees in acircle *60 minutes in a degree *60 seconds in a minute PARALLELS OR LATITUDES

10. The equator is taken as a starting line and marked as 0 latitude *The distance between the equator and the North Pole is one fourth of the circle thus the latitude of the North Pole is 90 *Latitude of the South Pole is 90

11. * The parallels are drawn at an interval of one degree *There are 90 parallels in the Northern Hemisphere *There are 90 parallels in the Southern Hemisphere * Including the Equator 181 parallels on the earth

12. * The letter N and S always added to the angular distance * The letter N indicates places in the Northern Hemisphere * *The letter S indicates places in the Southern Hemisphere

13. ▣ There are four important parallels of latitude: Navya Rai

14. ▣ Different places on the Earth receive different amount of sunlight. ▣ The Sun’s rays are concentrated in the areas near the Equator. Navya Rai

15. ▣ The regions lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn experience Sun overhead at least twice in a year. This region known as Torrid Zone or Tropical Zone. Navya Rai

16. ▣ The Temperate Zone is located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere. ▣ And the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic circle in Southern Hemisphere. This places experience slanting rays of the sun Navya Rai

17. ▣ Frigid zone is lies between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere. Navya Rai These areas receives slanting rays of the sun

18. ▣ Longitude is the measurement east or west of the prime meridian. ▣ Longitude is measured by imaginary lines that run around the Earth vertically (up and down) and meet at the North and South Poles. These lines are known as meridians. ▣ Each meridian measures one arcdegree of longitude. The distance around the Earth measures 360 degrees. Navya Rai

19. ▣ The meridian that runs through Greenwich, England, is internationally accepted as the line of degrees longitude, or prime meridian. The ante meridian is halfway around the world, at 180 degrees. It is the basis for the International Date Line. Navya Rai

20. ▣ A pattern of crossed lines formed by lines of latitudes and longitudes are called global grid. Navya Rai

21. ▣ The Earth moves at a constant rate, covering 360° of arc in 24 hours. The following relationships exists between time and arc: ▣ Time Arc ▣ 24 hours 360° ▣ 1 hour 15° ▣ 4 minutes 1° ▣ The Earth rotates west to East. Navya Rai

22. ▣ The Earth completes the rotation of 360 degree in one day or 24 hours. ▣ It rotates 15 degree in one hour or 1 degree in 4 minutes. ▣ The Earth rotates west to east, so for every 15 degree we go eastwards, the time is advanced by 1 hour. ▣ Thus, it can be concluded that places east of Greenwich see the Sun earlier and are ahead in time. ▣ The 24 hours period of a day divided into two time periods- 12 hours before noon (a.m) and 12 hours after noon (p.m) Navya Rai

23. ▣ If we know the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) we can find out the local time of an area by adding or subtracting the difference in time from the GMT. Navya Rai

24. ▣ If each place determines its time on the basis of its meridian, there will be much difference in local time from one town to the other. ▣ In order avoid such situations and confusion standard time is followed by most countries. The countries decide their standard time based on their central meridian Navya Rai

25. ▣ The Indian Government has accepted the meridian 82 1/2o E, which passes through Mirzapur near Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh, as Indian Standard Time. Navya Rai

26. ▣ The International Date Line, established in 1884, passes through the mid- Pacific Ocean and roughly follows a 180 degrees longitude north- south line on the Earth. ▣ It is located halfway round the world from the prime meridian— the zero degrees longitude established in Greenwich, England, in 1852. Navya Rai

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