laudon management information system 17edition pptch04.pptx

MIS

1. Management Inf o rmation Sys t ems: Manag i ng the Dig i tal Firm Se v enteenth Edi t ion Cha p ter 4 E t hi c al and Social I s s ues in In f ormation S y stems Cop y ri g h t © 202 2, 2020 , 201 8 P earson E d u c a t io n , I n c. A ll R i g h t s R es e r v ed

2. Learning O b jectives 4.1 Wha t ethi c al , s o cia l , an d pol i tica l is s ue s ar e raise d by i n format i on sys t ems? W h at s p e c i f ic p r i n c i p l e s f o r c o n d u c t c a n be u s ed t o g u i d e eth i cal de c i s io n s? W h y do c o n t e mp o r a ry i n f o rma t i o n s ys t ems t e c h n o l o g y a n d 4.2 4.3 t h e Int e rn e t po s e c ha l l e ng e s to the pr o te c ti o n of i nd i vidu a l p riva c y and i nte l le c tual prop e rty? 4.4 How h a ve i n f o rma t i o n s ys t ems a c c o un t ab i l i t y , l i a b i l i t y , and the How wi l l M I S help my car e er? a f f e c t e d l a ws f or e s t a b l i s h i ng q u a l ity of everyday l i fe? 4.5 C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

3. V ideo Cases • • • Case C a se Case 1: 2 : 3: What N et N eutral i ty Means for Y ou F ac e b o ok a n d Goo g le Pr i vac y : W h at Pr i vac y ? U n i ted States v . T er r orism: D ata M i n i n g for T errorists a nd I n n oc e nts • Ins t ruc t i o nal V i d eo: V iktor M aye r - Sc h ön b erger on t h e R ight to B e Forgot t en C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

4. Y our M o bi l e Pho n e: B ig Best Fr i end ( 1 of 2 ) Brothe r ’ s • Problem – Opp o rtunities from new tech n ology – W eak legal en v ironment Solu t ions • – – – – – – D e velop lo c ation data str a tegy and p r i v a c y poli c ies Colle c t, sell and anal y ze In t e r net of Things Smartphones Loc a t i on databases SDKs mobile phone location data C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

5. Y our Mo b i l e Ph o ne: Big Best Fr i end ( 2 of 2 ) Brot h e r ’ s • • Mob i le l o cati o n t r ack i ng systems Demonst r ates how techno l og i cal d o u b l e - e d g e d s w ord i n nov a tions can be a • Ill u st r ates costs how I T sys t ems create consumer be n efits and C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

6. What Ethical, Social, Issues are Raised by Syste m s? ( 1 of 2 ) and Po l itical I nformation • Re c ent ca s es of fa i led eth i cal judgment in busine s s – V ol k s w agen AG, W ells Far g o, Gen e r a l Motor s , T a k ata C o r p o r ation – In man y , information systems u s ed to bu r y de c isio n s from public s c rutiny E t hi c s – Prin c iples of rig h t and w r ong that individuals, acting as free mor a l agents, use to make choi c es to guide the i r behav i ors • C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

7. What Ethical, Social, Issues are Raised by Syste m s? ( 2 of 2 ) and Po l itical I nformation • In f or m ation syste m s raise new ethical qu e stions bec a use they create opp o r t un i ties fo r : – Intense soc i al ch a n g e, threaten i ng e x ist i ng d i stributi o ns of p o w e r , mone y , rights, N e w o p p o r t u n iti e s for crime New ki n ds of crimes and obl i gati o ns • • C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

8. A Mo d el for Thi n king About Social, and Political Issues Ethical, • • Soc i ety as a calm po n d I T as rock drop p ed in pon d , creati n g rip p l e s situatio n s not covered by old rules of n e w • Soc i al and po l itical i n stitu t i o ns cann o t respond overni g ht these r i p p l es — it may take ye a rs t o d e ve l op eti q u e t t e, e x pectatio n s, l a ws to – R e qu i res un d ers t an d i n g of e thics t o make choic e s l e ga l ly gray a r eas in C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

9. Fi g ure 4 .1 T he R elations h ip Between Eth i cal, Soc i al, and Pol i tical Society Issues in an I nformation C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

10. Five M o ral D imensio n s Inf o rmation Age of the • • • • • In f or m ation rights and ob l i g ations Property rig h ts and ob l i g ations Acco u ntabi l ity and System q ua l ity Qua l ity of l ife cont r ol C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

11. Key T echnol o gy T rends That Eth i cal Issues Raise • • • • • Computing pow e r do u b l es Data s t orage costs rap i d l y Data ana l ysis adv a nces Networking adv a nces every 18 dec l i n e months Mob i le d e vi c e gro w th impact C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

12. Advances i n T echn i ques D a ta Analysis • Profil i ng – C o mbin i ng data f r om multi p le sources to create doss i ers of d etai l ed i n fo r ma t i o n on i n d i vi d u a ls N o n o bv i o u s rel a tio n sh i p a w aren e ss ( N O R A ) • – C o mbin i ng data f r om multi p le sources to fi n d obscure h i dd e n conn e ctions that might help i d entify crimina l s or ter r orists C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

13. Fi g ure 4 .2 Non o bvio u s A wareness ( N O R A) Relationsh i p C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

14. Basic Co n cepts: Responsibi l it y , Accountabil i t y , and Liabi l ity • R e s p on s ibili t y – A c c ept i ng the poten t ial co s ts, dut i es, and obliga t ions Ac c ountability – Me c hani s ms for identi f y i ng re s ponsible pa r ties Liability for deci s ions • • – Permits individuals ( a nd firms) to r e c o ver damag e s done to them D u e p r o c e s s La w s a r e w e l l - k n o w n and und e r s to o d, with an ability to app e al to high e r autho r it i es C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d •

15. Eth i cal Analysis • F i v e - step proc e ss for eth i cal a n a l ys i s 1. 2. Identify a n d cl e arly describe the f acts D e fine the co n fli c t or d i l e mma a n d i d e n tify order val u es i n volv e d the h i g h e r - 3. 4. 5. Identify Ident i fy Identify the the the stakeho l ders o p tio n s that y ou can reas o n a b l y take potential conse q ue n ces of y o ur o ptions C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

16. Cand i date Et h ical Pri n cip l es (1 of 2) • Gol d en R u le – Do unto others as you w o u l d have t hem do unto you • I m manu e l K a nt ’ s C a tegor i cal – If an action is not right for right f or any o ne S l i p pery S l ope Ru l e I m p e rative e veryone to take, it is not • – If an action cannot take at a l l be taken r ep e atedl y , it is not ri g ht to C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

17. Candidate Eth i cal Principles (2 of 2 ) • Uti l itar i an Pri n c i ple – T a k e t h e a c t i o n t h at Ri s k A v ers i on Pri n c i ple – T a k e t h e a c t i o n t h at c o st a c h i e ves t h e h i g her or gr e at e r value • p ro d u c es the l e a s t ha r m or po t en t i a l • Ethi c al “ No Free Lun c h ” Rule – As s ume th a t virt u a l ly a l l tang i b l e a nd i n ta n g i b l e o b j e c ts are own e d by s o meone un l e s s there is a s pe c if i c de c l a rat i on otherwi s e C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

18. Professional Codes of Conduct • Pro m u l gated by assoc i ations of professio n a l s – – – American Medical Ass o ci a tion ( A M A) Am e rican B a r A s soc i ati o n ( A B A) Ass o ci a tion for C omputing Machin e ry ( A C M) • Promis e s by profess i o n s to regu l ate themse l ves in the ge n eral i n te r est o f soc i ety C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

19. Rea l - W orld Ethical Dilemmas • • One set of i nteres t s pit t ed ag a i n st an o ther E x amples – Monitoring employ e es: R i ght of c o mpany t o ma x imize productiv i ty of w orkers versus workers’ desire to Internet for s h ort p e rson a l tasks Fac e bo o k provid e s useful se r vices for u sers b u t monitors user behav i or and sells i n fo r ma t i o n t o a d vertisers a n d a p p d e ve l o p ers u se – C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

20. Information R ig h ts: Privacy a n d Freedom in the Internet Age ( 1 of 3 ) • Privacy – Cla i m of i nd i vidu a ls to b e l e ft a l on e , free fr o m s u rvei l l a n c e o r i n ter f er e n c e from ot h er i nd i vidu a l s , o r ga n i z at i on s , or s t at e ; c l aim to be ab l e to co n trol inf o r m ati o n abo u t y our s elf In t he Un i ted Stat e s, pr i vacy pr o te c ted by: • – – – F i r s t Amendment (fre e dom of s pe e ch a n d a s s o c i a ti o n) Fo u rth Amendment (u n re a s o na b le s e ar c h a nd s e i z ur e ) Add i ti o nal fe d er a l s t at u es (e. g ., Priva c y Act of 19 7 4) C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

21. Inf o rmation Ri g hts: Privacy and Freedom in the Internet Age ( 2 of 3 ) • Fa i r i n fo r m ation practices – S e t of princ i p l es gov e rning the c o l l e ction and use i n forma t i o n of  B a sis of most U.S. and E u ropean privacy l a ws – U s ed to drive cha n g e s in privacy l e g i sl a tion    C O P P A G r am m - Le a ch - B l i l ey Act H I P A A C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

22. Information R ig h ts: Privacy a n d Freedom in the Inter n et Age ( 3 of 3 ) • F T C F I P p r i n ci p l e s – – – – – N o tice/aware n ess (co r e princ i p l e) C h o i ce/co n se n t (core Acc e ss/par t ic i pati o n S e curity E n fo r cement princ i p l e) C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

23. EU General Data Protection Regulation ( G D P R) • • R e qui r es una m bigu o us explicit inform e d c o n s ent of c u stomer E U mem b er natio n s c an n ot tra n s fer pe r s on a l data to c ou n tries with o ut si m ilar p r i v a c y p r otection Applies a c r o ss all E U c o untries to any firms ope r ating in E U or p r o c e s s i ng data on E U citiz e ns or r e si d ents – S t r e ngthens rig h t to be forgotten • Pri v a c y Shield: All c o untries p r o c e s s i ng E U data R requireme n ts H e avy f ine s : 4% of glob a l daily r e venue mu s t c o nform to G D P • C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

24. Internet Chal l enges to Privacy (1 of 2) • Coo k ies – Id e nt i fy br o ws e r and tr a ck vis i ts to s i te W eb be a c o ns (web bu g s) – T iny grap h i c s e m bed d ed in e -mails and w e b pag e s – Moni t or who i s read i ng email mes s age or vis i ti n g s i te Spyware – Surr e pt i ti o u s ly i n s t a l l e d on u s e r ’ s compu t er – May tra n smit u s e r ’ s keyst r o k es or d i s p l a y unwan t ed ads Google servi c es and b ehavioral targe t ing • • • C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

25. Internet Chal l enges to Privacy ( 2 of 2 ) • T h e U n ited i n fo r m ation Op t - out v s. States a l l o ws b u si n ess e s to g a ther t rans a ction and use this for o ther ma r keting purposes. o p t - in m od e l • • Onli n e i n dustry pro m otes s e l f - regu l ation over l e g i sl a tion. p r iv a cy – – – C o mpl e x /ambi g u o u s priv a cy statements Op t - out models sel e cted over op t - in Onli n e “ sea l s ” of p rivacy princ i p l es C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

26. Figure 4.3 H o w C o okies Identi f y W eb V is i tors 1. The W eb s er v er reads the u s er ' s W eb bro w s er and deter m i nes the op e rati n g s y s tem, br o w s er n a m e, v er s i on n u m b e r , Int e rn e t a d dr e s s , a n d o th e r i nf o rm a t i o n . The s er v er tra n s m i ts a t i ny text f i l e w i th u s er i d e nt i f i c at i on i nf o rm a t i on c a l l ed a c o o k i e, w h i c h t h e u s er's br o w s er re c e i v es a n d s tor e s on the u s er's c o m p u te r . W hen the u s er returns to the W eb s i te, the s er v er requ e s ts the c onte n ts of any c oo k i e i t d e p o s i ted pr e v i o u s l y i n t h e u s er's c o m p u te r . The W eb s er v er re a ds the c o o k i e, i d e nt i f i es the v i s i to r , a n d c a l l s up d a ta on the u s e r . C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d 2. 3. 4.

27. T echnical Sol u tions • S o l u tio n s i n cl u d e : – – – Email encryption A n onymity tools A n ti - spy w are too l s • Ove r a l l, t echn i cal sol u tions have fail e d to p rotect u sers f r om b e i n g t r ack e d f r om o n e – Brows e r featu r es  “Private” brows i ng  “Do not track” optio n s site to a n other C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

28. Property Rights: I ntellectual Property • Intel l ectu a l prop e r t y – T an g i b le and intang i b l e products i n d i vi d ua l s or c o rpora t i o ns of the m i nd created by • Protec t ed in four main ways: – – – – C o pyright P a tents T rademarks T rade s e crets C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

29. Challenges to Intellectual Property Rights • D i g i tal m ed i a d i f fe r ent f r om phys i cal m ed i a – – – – – E a se E a se E a se of of of repl i cation t r ansmiss i on a l te r ation (networks, Internet) C o mpactn e ss D i f ficulti e s in estab l is h i n g un i qu e ness • D i g i tal Mil l e n n i um C o pyri g ht Act ( D M C A) C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

30. Compute r -R e lated Liabi l ity Problems • • If sof t ware fails, who is respons i b l e? If seen as part of a mach i ne that i n j ures or ha r m s, sof t ware producer and operator m ay be l i ab l e If seen as simi l ar to b ook, di f ficult t o ho l d author/pub l is h er respons i b l e If se e n as a serv i ce, w o u l d this be simi l ar to tel e p h o n e syste m s not be i ng l i ab l e for t r ansmit t ed m essag e s? • • C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

31. Interactive Session: Management: The Boeing 737 MAX Crashes • C l ass d i scussi o n – Wh a t is the p r oblem de s c r ibed in t his c a s e ? W ould you c o n s ider an eth i cal dilem m a? Why or why not? D e s c ribe the r o le of manag e men t , o r gani z ation, and tech n ology factors in t he Boeing 737 MAX safety p r oblem s . T ow hat ex t ent w a s manag e ment r e s p on s ible? Is the s o lution p r ovided by Boeing adequ a te? E x plain your an s w e r . Wh a t steps c o uld Boeing and the F AA ha v e taken to p r event this problem from oc c ur r in g ? it – – – C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

32. System Qua l ity: D ata Q ual i ty a nd System Errors • What i s an acceptabl e , techno l og i cally feasib l e l e vel system q u a l i ty? – F l a w l e ss sof t w a re is econ o mica l ly unfeas i b l e T h ree pri n ci p al so u rces of p o o r system p e r f ormance of • – – – S o f t w a re bugs, er r ors H a rdware or fac i l i ty fail u res P o or input data qua l ity ( m ost com m on source of bus i ness system fail u re) C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

33. Qua l ity of Life: E q uit y , Acc e ss, Boundaries ( 1 of 3 ) • • • • • • Neg a tive soci a l conse q ue n ces of systems B i g T ech: c o ncentrating econ o m ic and po l itical pow e r R a p i d i ty of ch a n g e: redu c ed resp o nse time to compet i tion M a i ntain i ng bo u nd a ries: fa m i l y , Dependenc e an d vulne r ability Computer cri m e and ab u se work, and l e is u re C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

34. Qua l ity of Life: E q uit y , Boundaries ( 2 of 3 ) Acc e ss, • Computer cr i me and abu s e – – – – Comput e r c r ime Comput e r ab u se Spam CAN-S P AM Act of 20 3 • E m pl o y ment – T ri c k l e -down te c hn o l o gy – Ree n g i ne e ri n g j o b l o s s C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

35. Qua l ity of Life: E q uit y , Acc e ss, Boundaries ( 3 of 3 ) • Eq u ity and access – The dig i tal d i vi d e Hea l th risks • – – – – R e petitive st r ess i n j ury ( R S I) C a rpal tunn e l syn d rome ( C T S) C o mputer vision syndrome ( C V S) T ec h n o stress C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

36. Int e r a c t ive Se s sion: T e c h n olog y : Do S m ar t p h o n es Harm C h ildren? Ma y be, Not. Ma y be • C l ass d i scussi o n – Identify the prob l em describ e d in this case s t ud y . In w h at sense is i t a n eth i cal d i l e mma? C o mpare the r esearch find i ngs ap p roving or – d i sapprov i ng of smar t ph o ne use among chi l dren teen a g e rs. S h ou l d res t rictions be p l aced on ch i l d re n ’ s and teenag e r s ’ sma r tphone use? Why or w h y not? and – C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

37. How W ill M I S Help My Ca r ee r ? • • • • • T h e O r g a n i zati o n: P i n n ac l e A i r F o rce B a se Pos i tion Descripti o n: Job Re q u i rements In t erview Q uesti o ns Jun i or privacy an a lyst Author T i p s C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d

38. Copy r ight C o p yri g h t © 2 2 2 , 2 2 , 2 1 8 P e ars o n E d u ca t ion, I n c. A ll R i g h t s R e se r v e d T h is w ork is pro t ected by Uni t ed States co p y rig h t la w s and is pro v ided solely f o r t h e use of ins t ruct o rs in teachi n g t h eir c o urses a n d assessi n g s t u d e n t learni n g. Disse m i n a t i o n or sale of any part of t h is w ork (i n clu d ing on t h e W orld W ide W eb) w ill des t roy t h e in t egri t y of t h e w ork and is n o t permi t te d . T h e w ork and ma t eria l s from it sh o uld ne v er be m ade a v ailable to st u de n ts except by ins t ruct o rs usi n g t h e accom p an y ing text in t h eir classes. A ll recipien t s of t h is w ork are expected to abi d e by t h ese restri c ti o ns and to h o n o r t h e in t en d ed pe d ag o gical p u rposes and t h e nee d s of o t her ins t ruct o rs w ho rely on t h ese ma t eria l s.