Lay forum Heart Health Powerpoint Presentation

Heart health

1. Heart Health Lay forum February 2024

2. Epidemiology

3. FACTS WORLDWIDE 1.28 BILLION adults aged 30-79 years worldwide have hypertension 46% OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS are unaware that they have the condition LESS THAN 42% of adults with hypertension are diagnosed and treated . 28% OF ADULT FILIPINOS have hypertension , 80% STILL WITH UNCONTROLLED BP 54% ARE ELDERLY aged 60 and above

4. Causes of Mortality (2019 & 2020) https://psa.gov.ph/

5. Signs and Symptoms

6. Most patients with hypertension have NO SYMPTOMS AT ALL

7. Headache Shortness of breath Dizziness Blurring of vision Chest pain Palpitations Nose bleed

8. Risk Factors

9. Blood Pressure Measurement

10. Diagnosis

11. BLOOD PRESSURE CATEGORY SYSTOLIC (mmHg) [Upper Value] DIASTOLIC (mmHg) [Lower Value] INTERVENTION Normal Less than 120 AND Less than 80 Borderline BP 120-139 OR 80-89 Medical evaluation, BP monitoring, Lifestyle intervention Stage 1 Hypertension 140-159 OR 90-99 Pharmacologic management Stage 2 Hypertension 160 or higher OR 100 or higher Hypertensive Crisis Higher than 180 OR Higher than 100 Emergency management if with signs and symptoms BLOOD PRESSURE CLASSIFICATION FOR ADULT FILIPINOS 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in the Philippines 2020 International Society of Hypertension- Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines taken TWICE on TWO SEPARATE DAYS, except during Hypertensive crisis

12. Prevention

13. PREVENTIVE MEASURES REGULAR BP MONITORING LIMIT ALCOHOL INTAKE WEIGHT LOSS AND HEALTHY DIET SMOKING CESSATION , STRESS MANAGEMENT , ADEQUATE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

14. WEIGHT LOSS aim to achieve healthy body weight through proper nutrition and regular physical activity estimated reduction in systolic blood pressure: 5-20 mmHg for every 10 kg weight loss

15. LIMIT ALCOHOL INTAKE estimated reduction in systolic blood pressure: 2-4 mmHg

16. SMOKING CESSATION Major risk factor for stroke, COPD and different types of cancer

17. REDUCE SODIUM INTAKE healthy individuals: < 2.3 grams daily ( ~ ½ tsp of table salt) borderline/ hypertensive individuals: < 1.5 g daily ( ~ ⅓ tsp of table salt) estimated reduction in systolic blood pressure: 2-8 mmHg

18. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) meal plan Food group Food Items Example (1 serving) Grains and Grain products 6-8 servings /day Whole wheat bread, cereals, oatmeal ½ cup cooked rice/pasta 1 slice bread Vegetables and Fruits 4-5 servings/ day Tomatoes, carrots, squash,beans, kamote leaves,pineapple orange, mangoes, banana ½ cup cooked vegetable 1 medium fruit 6 oz fruit/vegetable juice Low Fat/ Non-dairy Products 2-3 servings/day Skim or 1% milk, skim or low-fat buttermilk, nonfat or low-fat yogurt, nonfat cheese 1 cup milk/yogurt 1 ½ slice cheese

19. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) meal plan Food group Food Items Example (1 serving) Lean meat products <2 servings/day Lean; broil, roast, or boil, remove skin from poultry 85 g / 3 oz chicken Nuts/Seeds 2-3 x a week Peanuts, Peanut butter, almonds, kidney beans ½ cup of nuts 2 tbsp peanut butter Good fats and oils 2-3 servings/day Vegetable, olive, canola, corn oil, light salad dressing 1 tsp oil (vegetable, olive, canola, or corn) 2 tbsp light salad dressing

20. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) meal plan Read food labels: choose low salt or no salt options Cut back on processed foods Lowers systolic BP by 5 to 6 mm Hg and diastolic by 3mmHg

21. EXERCISE Engage in Aerobic exercise at least 150 mins per week for moderate physical activity (or 75 mins of vigorous physical activity) Estimated reduction in systolic blood pressure: 4-9 mmHg

22. REDUCE STRESS AND INDUCE MINDFULNESS Chronic stress leads to high blood pressure later in life Incorporation of mindfulness/meditation in daily routine leads to lower blood pressure based on studies

23. https://www.un.org/en/file/49698

24. THANK YOU Alexander MR. 2017. Medscape: Hypertension. <https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/241381-overview#a2>? Mills KT et al. 2016. Global Disparities of Hypertension Prevalence and control: A Systematic Analysis of Population-based studies from 90 countries <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4979614/> WHO. 2013. A Global Brief on Hypertension <https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/79059/WHO_DCO_WHD_2013.2_eng.pdf;jsessionid=371FE46D3EA3CFB32CD65554B5C11197?sequence=1> CDC. 2020. <https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/moderate-drinking.htm> Meritage Medical Network. 2017. <https://meritagemed.com/8-best-cardio-workouts/> United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/file/49698 Occupational Health and Safety Philippines: Sitting is the new smoking REFERENCES: