Leafcurl viral disease presentation.pptx

This ppt shows about viral disease in plants and vegetables.It shows different species of virus effect on plants along their vectors which carries those tiny microbes.

1. Leaf curl viral disease 1 By : Mir Ali Muhammad Talpur Institute of Microbiology Shah Abdul Latif university Khairpur (Veterinary & Plant Microbiology)

2. Leaf curl disease was first reported from Multan in 1967 is plant disease caused by virus and some fungal species showing symptoms as leaves curl of different plants including Chili, cotton, tomato, cherry, and other plants. Disease is named after effecting plant and the specie of virus or fungi, which are discussed in next slides. 2 Introduction

3. 3 Plants that can be infected by virus

4. Chilli leaf curl virus   (ChiLCV)  is a DNA virus from the genus  Begomovirus circular,single -strand DNA ( ssDNA )  and the family  Geminiviridae . ChiLCV causes severe disease especially in pepper ( Capsicum spp. ), but also affects other crops such as tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ). It can be found in tropical and subtropical regions primarily in  India , but has also been detected in countries such as  Indonesia  and  Sri Lanka .  This virus is transmitted by an insect vector from the family  Aleyrodidae  and order  Hemiptera , the whitefly  Bemisia tabaci . The primary host for ChiLCV are several  Capsicum spp ,  but host species also include tomato and  amaranth .  ChiLCV has been responsible for several epidemics and causes severe economic losses . Chilli leaf curl virus 4

5. Chilli leaf curl virus (unranked): Virus Realm : Monodnaviria Kingdom: Shotokuvirae Phylum: Cressdnaviricota Class: Repensiviricetes Order: Geplafuvirales Family: Geminiviridae Genus: Begomovirus Species: Chilli leaf curl virus Virus classification 5

6. 6 Cotton leaf curl viruses  ( CLCuV ) are a number of  plant pathogenic   virus  species of the family  Geminiviridae . In Asia and Africa the major disease of cotton is caused by the Cotton leaf curl Gemini virus (CLCuV). Leaves of infected cotton curl upward and bear leaf-like enations on the underside along with vein thickening. Plants infected early in the season are stunted and yield is reduced drastically. This virus devastated the Pakistan cotton industry in early 1990s where it caused an estimated yield reduction of 30-35%. 2.Cotton leaf curl viruses

7. 7 Cotton leaf curl viruses (unranked): Virus Realm : Monodnaviria Kingdom: Shotokuvirae Phylum: Cressdnaviricota Class: Repensiviricetes Order: Geplafuvirales Family: Geminiviridae Genus: Begomovirus Virus Classification

8. Transmission ChiLCV is transmitted by the insect vector  Bemisia tabaci  in a persistent-circulative nonpropagative manner . Transmission of the monopartite genome alone can lead to infection, but the presence of DNA A or DNA B helper viruses plays a large role in symptom development . 8

9. 9 Transmission cycle Fig: An example on how leaf curl virus transmit from plant to plant.

10. 10 Replication of Virus in plants Fig: Shows how virus replicates in cell and then release.

11. 11 Here are the symptoms of diseases Leaf curl Leaf Curl Virus: Curling Leaves:  Affected leaves exhibit upward or downward curling along their edges, giving them a cupped or crinkled appearance. Thickened Leaves:  Leaves become thick, leathery, stiff, and brittle compared to healthy leaves. Enlarged Veins:  Veins on infected leaves may become thicker and more pronounced. Reduced Flower and Fruit Production:  Infected plants may produce fewer flowers and fruits, which may be small, misshapen, or of poor quality. Symptoms

12. 12 Preventive Measures for Leaf Curl virus Use disease-free seeds or seedlings : Use disease free seeds that are resistant to viral attacks . Practice crop rotation : Avoid planting the same susceptible crops in the same area repeatedly. For instance, rotate tomato or chili crops with non-host plants such as legumes, onions, or brassicas . Remove infected plants : Immediately remove and destroy any plants showing signs of leaf curl disease. Weed control : Keep the field and surrounding areas free of weeds. Grow barrier crops : Plant barrier crops around the field to deter whiteflies, such as maize or sorghum in chili fields or sesbania in tobacco fields . Prevention

13. 13 I mplementing preventive measures, maintaining plant health, and controlling vectors can significantly help manage leaf curl disease . Prophylactic use of an organic viricide and silicon during the early stages of crop growth can boost the plant’s natural defense mechanisms . Viricides enter the plant through stomatal openings and are transported throughout the plant via vascular bundles . They prevent viruses from entering plant cells by blocking their attachment or fusion with the cell membranes . Viricides interfere with the virus outer layer or the plant cell surface, hindering the virus ability to attach to cells. They disrupt the cell machinery responsible for protein production, which is crucial for the virus replication. How to Manage Leaf Curl Virus and Mosaic Virus in Crops?

14. 14 Shows the crop rotation Shows the undesirable weeds

15. 15 Shows the crop barrier Shows the live crop barrier

16. 16 Thanks!