learning and motivation. .ppt

earning and motivation

1. & LEARNING
THEORIES OF
MOTIVATION

2. What is motivation?
Motivation – is the inner state that arouses
individual’s desire for a goal and maintains their
efforts in a certain direction and time (Kong,
2009).
It is the process that initiates, guides and
maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is
what causes us to act, whether it is getting a
glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book
to gain knowledge (Kendra Cherry).

3. +
Components of motivation
Activation involves the decision to initiate a behavior, such as
enrolling in a particular class.
Persistence is the continued effort toward a goal even though
obstacles may exist.
Intensity can be seen in the concentration and vigor that goes
into pursuing a goal.

4. MOTIVATION AND LEARNING THEORIES OF
MOTIVATION☞Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs
☞Self-Determination Theory
☞Expectancy -Value Theory
☞Intrinsic And Extrinsic
Motivation

5. +
Maslow’s Hierarchy
of Needs

6. +
Abraham
Maslow
Abraham Maslow
developed a theory
of personality that
has influenced a
number of different
fields, including
education.

7. +
Your Needs? As a teacher, list 3-4
things that you need
(or perceive to need)
to be successful.

8. +
Basic Needs?
Using the list of needs
that you generated as a
teacher and as a
learner, put them in
order from most basic
needs to most
complex. Is there any
you can do without?

9. +
The Premise
of
Maslow’s
Theory
Maslow’s theory is
based on a set of
hierarchal needs.
Lower needs need to
be met before
higher needs can be
satisfied.

10. +
The Premise of
Maslow’s Theory
“We each have a hierarchy
of needs that ranges from
"lower" to "higher." As
lower needs are fulfilled
there is a tendency for
other, higher needs to
emerge.”
--Daniels, 2004

11. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

12. +
Physiological Needs
 Physiological needs include the
following:
 Air
 Food
 Water
 Sleep
 Clothing

14. +
Safety Needs
 Safety needs include the following:
 Stability
 Protection
 Security of body and property
 Security of employment
 Health
 Pain Avoidance
 Routine and order

16. +Love, Affection, and Belonging
Needs
 Love, affection, and belonging needs
include the following:
 Friendship
 Family
 Intimacy
 Affection
 Acceptance
 Inclusion

18. +
Esteem Needs
 Esteem needs include the following:
 Self-Respect
 Confidence
 Achievement
 Self-Esteem
 Respected by Others

20. +
Self-Actualization Needs
 Self-actualization needs include the
following:
Achievement of full potential
 Fulfillment
 Spontaneity
 Creativity
 Critical Thinking
 Morality

21. +

22. +
Maslow’s
Theory
in the
Classroom
Is it our responsibility
as educators to meet
these needs for our
students?
Why some students
struggle in school?
How do we go about
achieving these five
levels of needs in our
classroom?

23. +
Maslow’s
Theory
in the
Classroom
Implementation
Strategies…

24. +
Maslow’s Theory
in the Classroom
Need Classroom Implementation
Self-Actualization -provide challenges
-encourage problem solving and critical
thinking
-provide opportunities for ownership
Self-Esteem -provide positive feedback
-acknowledge and celebrate
Social Needs -build relationships with students
-build a sense of community in the classroom
-incorporate inclusive activities
Safety & Security -maintain a safe atmosphere
-create a comfortable and safe learning
environment
Physiological Needs-provide a comfortable classroom
environment (adequate room temperature,
pacing)

25. +
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

27. +

29. Self-determination theory
Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is based on the idea that
humans have inner resources that help develop personality
and behavior regulation.
In terms of motivation, this means that people have innate
personal growth and psychological needs that impact self-
motivation and their personalities.
Motivation can be hindered by environmental factors, such
as social environment.

30. So although self
determination is a
general goal for
individuals, we can’t
help but be motivated
by external sources and
that’s not a bad thing.
Both intrinsic and
extrinsic motivation are
highly influential
determinants of our
behavior and both drive
us to meet the 3 basic
needs.
Humans’ Three Basic Needs

31. Refers to feeling one has choice and is
willingly endorsing one's behavior.
Autonomy 

32. Another need concerns our achievements,
knowledge, and skills; people have a need to build
their competence and develop mastery over tasks
that are important to them
Competenc
e

33. People need to have a sense of belonging and
connectedness with others; each of us needs
other people to some degree (Deci & Ryan,
2008).
Relatedness
(also called Connection)  

34. +
How can all of this be applied to work motivation?
Self Determination Theory when applied in the realm of education is
concerned primarily with promoting in students an interest in learning, a
valuing in education and a confidence in their own capacities and
attributes. These outcomes are manifestations of being intrinsically
motivated and internalizing values and regulatory processes. These
processes result in high quality learning and conceptual understanding as
well as enhanced personal growth and development.

35. +
CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS
1.Nurture student’s inner motivational resources – incorporate
student interests, preferences and values into learning activities and
avoid external regulators such as rewards, directives, deadlines and
compliance requests.(
2.Rely on non-controlling language – communicate using informational
and flexible messages
3.Communicate value and provide rationales – when tasks do not
appear to capture the interest of student, identify and explain the use,
value and importance of the tasks.
4.Know your students and be more involved with them. Interpersonal
involvement helps children to become motivated and self- determined.

36. +
CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS
5. Acknowledge and accept expressions of negative affect- Acknowledge
the student perspective by accepting that students will inevitably
encounter rules and requests that are not consistent with their preferences
and when they do so they will not engage fully.

37. +How can educators increase
motivation?
•Motivation can be increased through classroom activities
that:
•Create curiosity
•Challenge
•Allow choices
•Provide a chance to be recognized
•Create opportunities for competition
•Allow cooperative learning

38. +
SUMMARY
Self – Determination Theory (SDT) addresses
such basic issues as personality development, self-
regulation, universal psychological needs, life goals and
aspirations, energy and vitality, nonconscious
processes, the relations of culture to motivation and the
impacts of social environments on motivation, affect,
behavior and well-being.

40. INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

44. +
Module 3: MOTIVATION AND LEARNING THEORIES OF
MOTIVATION: MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS, SELF-
DETERMINATION THEORY, EXPECTANCY -VALUE THEORY,
INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION: IMPACT OF
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT, GOAL
SETTING AND ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION, PROMOTING
MOTIVATION IN THE CLASSROOM