Lec_1_Application of Epidemiology in Public Health.ppt

it is the application of epidemiology on public health practice

1. Mr. Abdiweli Mohamed Abdi
Applied epidemiology

2. Course content
Introduction to Applied Epidemiology and Major
contributors of Epidemiology
Identify key sources of data for epidemiologic
purposes.
Epidemiological study methods
Infectious Disease Surveillance and Outbreak
Investigation
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3. Concept of risk how could we measure risk
Methods of measuring epidemiological
outcomes
Formulate a research question. Identify major
epidemiological problems of importance
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4. •Epidemiological information in a scientific
report
•Recognize potential ethical and legal
issues in epidemiological studies
•Research Methodology, Scientific writing
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5. Course Objectives:
• Demonstrate an understanding of the key
concepts in the discipline of epidemiology;
•Apply epidemiological principles to
surveillance and disease control within
human populations;
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6. •Communicate effectively with researchers
from different disciplinary backgrounds;
•Select an appropriate study design when
confronted with an epidemiological
investigation;
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7. •Question and develop a detailed study
protocol capable of answering a given
research question;
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8. •Analyze and interpret epidemiological
data derived from cross-sectional, case-
control  and follow-up studies ;propose
appropriate solutions and mitigatory
measures to control epidemic conditions
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9. Definition of applied epidemiology
The study of the frequency and distribution of
disease in human populations as applied to public
health practices.
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10. •Applied epidemiology involves the
application of epidemiologic methods to
address public health issues.
•It plays a vital role in disease surveillance,
outbreak investigations, program evaluation,
and policy development. 
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11. •By using data and evidence-based
approaches, applied epidemiologists help to
inform public health interventions and
improve population health outcomes.
•In short, Applied Epidemiology is
‘Epidemiology in Action’
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12. Major events in Epidemiology
1347-
1351
1955
Eradication
of smallpox
declared by
WHO.
Polio Vaccine
was
introduced
1980
Plague
epidemic in
Europe
(Black Death:
25,000,000)
AIDS cases
were diagnosed
in USA.
1981 2019
Covid-19
pandemic
Global deaths:
6,984,631
Somalia: 1,361.

13. Major contributors in Epidemiology
Hippocrates 400 BC
Documenting,
analyzing and
interpreting
mortality data.
John Graunt 1662
He documented
patterns of diseases
John snow 1854
Conducted the classical
study in 1854 when an
epidemic of cholera
developed in the
golden square of London.
Alexander Langmuir 1951
The epidemiological
intelligence service
(surveillance) at the
CDC.
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14. Key Concepts in applied epidemiology
1. Disease Surveillance: Applied
epidemiologists collect and analyze health
data to monitor disease trends, identify
outbreaks, and track the impact of
interventions.
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15. 2. Outbreak Investigations: During disease
outbreaks, applied epidemiologists
investigate the source of the outbreak,
identify risk factors, and implement control
measures to prevent further spread.
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16. 3. Program Evaluation: Applied
epidemiology is used to evaluate the
effectiveness of public health programs and
interventions, helping to assess their impact
on population health.
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17. 4. Policy Development: Epidemiological
evidence is crucial in informing public health
policies and guidelines, guiding decision-
making at local, national, and global levels.
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18. 5. Health Equity: Applied epidemiology
plays a key role in addressing health
inequities by identifying disparities in health
outcomes and informing interventions to
promote health equity.
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19. 1925/7/2024 Application of epidemiology in public health

20. EPIDEMILOGY PROVIDES
INTELLIGENCE
FOR HEALTH ACTION
J. N. MORRIS
INTELLIGENCE MEANS
INFORMATION REGARDING
THE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH & DISEASE AND
THEIR OCCURRENCE & MAGNITUDE IN
POPULATIONS
FOR TAKING HEALTH ACTION
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21. Individual decisions.
When people decide to stop smoking, take the
stairs instead of the elevator, order a salad
instead of a cheeseburger, they may be
influenced, consciously or unconsciously but these
decisions will affect their health and wellbeing.
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22. In the 1950’s, epidemiologists documented the
increased risk of lung cancer among smokers; in
the mid-1980’s, epidemiologists identified the
increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) infection associated with certain sexual and
drug-related behaviors.
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23. These type of epidemiologic findings are
directly relevant to the choices that people
make every day and that affect their
health over a lifetime.
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24. References
•The Development of Modern Epidemiology,Walter W. Holland,Jorn
Olsen,& Charles Du V.Florey; Oxford University Press,2007.1
st

edition
•Paddasree Dr.Rekha Dutta,India(Internet)
•Epidemiology -its perspectives & applications, Dr. A.K.Avasarala Dr. A.K.Avasarala
MBBS,MDMBBS,MD
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25. THANK YOU
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