LEC 19 .pptx

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1. Four Styles Of Writing Hira Ahad

2. Why written Communication ?

3. Answer Create a permanent record Allows you to store information for future reference Easily distributed All recipients receive the same information

4. Writing skills?

5. Answer A career requirement More than a ‘nice thing to have’- a necessity Your Writing = Your Personality

6. Good Writing Completeness : all information is provided Correctness : relevant and precise information Credibility : support your argument Clarity : should not be vague , confusing , ambiguous Conciseness : to the point Consideration : anticipate the reader’s reaction Courtesy : should not be biased Vitality : use active voice rather than the passive voice

7. Four Styles of Writing are: Expository  - Write in this style to explain and illuminate a topic. Narrative  - Write in this style to tell a story. Persuasive  - Write in this style to convince the reader of something. Descriptive  - Write in this style to create an image in the reader’s mind. (Exemplification)

8. Narrative Writing:

9. EXAMPLE Oliver had not been within the walls of the workhouse a quarter of an hour, and had scarcely completed the demolition of a second slice of bread, when Mr. Bumble, who had handed him over to the care of an old woman, returned, and, telling him it was a board night, informed him that the board had said he was to appear before it forthwith. Not having a very clearly defined notion of what a live board was, Oliver was rather astounded by this intelligence, and was not quite certain whether he ought to laugh or cry. He had no time to think about the matter, however; for Mr. Bumble gave him a tap on the head to wake him up, and another on the back to make him lively, and bidding him follow, conducted him into a large whitewashed room where eight or ten fat gentlemen were sitting round a table, at the top of which, seated in an armchair rather higher than the rest, was a particularly fat gentleman with a very round, red face. "Bow to the Board," said Bumble. Oliver brushed away two or three tears that were lingering in his eyes, and seeing no board but the table, fortunately bowed to that.

10. Examples: Novels Novellas short stories poetry Biographies Histories can all fall in the narrative writing style

11. Expository Writing: Explain and Illuminate When you want to convey information to your reader or help the audience better understand something, use expository writing. There are several types of expository writing, including comparison and contrast, cause and effect, and analysis, among others. Technical writing is expository writing, and many types of journalism are too. In every type, the style is all about clarity and focus. In great expository writing, nothing is confusing or unclear.

12. Key Points: Usually explains something in a process. Is often equipped with facts and figures. Is usually in a logical order and sequence. When You Would Use Expository Writing: Textbook writing. How-to articles. Recipes. News stories (not including opinion or editorial pieces). Business, technical, or scientific writing.

13. TIPS

14. EXAMPLE

15. Descriptive Writing Descriptive: Descriptive writing paints a picture. In its pure form, nothing much happens. "Description" tells us what something looks like, feels like, tastes like, sounds like or smells like ‐  without action or events. It doesn't explain a relationship or a process beyond oneself; it focuses on one's immediate subjective perceptions. Thus, descriptive writing connects the outer world with our inner feelings. It is usually concerned with creating a verbal picture of what we experience and feel at one moment, and it will use many rich and vivid adjectives and adverbs. So, as a writer, you should make the reader long to smell the rich essence of the trees, the haunting call of the wolves, or the rank odour of the sewer... if that's what you're writing about! Descriptive paragraphs and essays are usually written in the first-person point of view, and are much more emotional and personal than expository writing. It should be said that you will rarely write a purely descriptive passage. Normally speaking, descriptive writing is mixed in with other styles as a supplement.

16. EXAMPLE Poetry Journal or diary writing Nature writing Descriptive passages in fiction The iPhone 6 is unexpectedly light. While size of its screen is bigger than those of the iPhones that came before, it is thinner, and its smooth, rounded body is made of aluminum, stainless steel, and glass. The casing comes in a whitish silver, gold, or a color the company calls “space gray,” the color of the lead of a pencil, with darker gray accents.

17. PERSUASIVE WRITING

18. When You Would Use Persuasive Writing:

19. Persuade The school fair is right around the corner, and tickets have just gone on sale. We are selling a limited number of tickets at a discount, so move fast and get yours while they are still available. This is going to be an event you will not want to miss! First off, the school fair is a great value when compared with other forms of entertainment. Also, your ticket purchase will help our school, and when you help the school, it helps the entire community. But that’s not all! Every ticket you purchase enters you in a drawing to win fabulous prizes. And don’t forget, you will have mountains of fun because there are acres and acres of great rides, fun games, and entertaining attractions! Spend time with your family and friends at our school fair. Buy your tickets now!

20. Argument Argue:   I am going to present a logical ARGUMENT as to why my neighbor should attend the school fair. The school fair is right around the corner, and tickets have just gone on sale. Even though you may be busy, you will still want to reserve just one day out of an entire year to relax and have fun with us. Even if you don’t have much money, you don’t have to worry. A school fair is a community event, and therefore prices are kept low. Perhaps, you are still not convinced. Maybe you feel you are too old for fairs, or you just don’t like them. Well, that’s what my grandfather thought, but he came to last year’s school fair and had this to say about it: “I had the best time of my life!” While it’s true that you may be able to think of a reason not to come, I’m also sure that you can think of several reasons why you must come.  We look forward to seeing you at the school fair!

21. Act 01 : Write a Narration on the following tag line: Ability to find the answers is more important than ability to know the answers.

22. The End