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Vehicle movement for surveying

1. ROADS AND TRAFFIC STUDIES AR. DEEKSHA SINGH

2. Traffic Vehicles moving on a road/ Public highways

3. Various Traffic problems in India India is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, with a rapidly increasing population of around 1.4 billion people. this growth comes with its own set of challenges, and one of the most pressing ones is traffic congestion. As more people move to urban areas in search of better opportunities, the number of vehicles on the road has increased dramatically, leading to long hours of waiting in traffic.

4. A recent study by TomTom Traffic Index has shown that Bengaluru, India's leading IT city, is the world's second most traffic-congested city. For instance, to travel a distance of 10 km within Bengaluru city limits, it takes close to 30 minutes, whereas the same distance can be covered in less than 13 minutes in Dubai.

5. Infrastructure is directly linked to the economic development and growth of a country.  It acts as a catalyst for the development of poverty alleviating solutions, providing access to basic needs such as health care, education, food resources, transportation, job opportunities and more. It also increases productivity and improves the quality of life for many communities.  Poor Infrastructure

6. Infrastructure include buildings, roads, bridges, airports, airways, power supplies, water and sanitation supplies, telecommunication systems and more.   The social impact of transportation in SA’s poorest communities is under-considered. For example, when a community lacks transport infrastructure like roads, it means that the people from that community are unable to travel to cities. And Places where job and social networking opportunities, as well as quality health care facilities, are available. 

7. Overpopulation of Vehicles The rapid increase in the number of vehicles, including cars, motorcycles, and rickshaws, has overwhelmed the existing road infrastructure. This results in overcrowded streets and longer commute times. Lack of Public Transport Inadequate and unreliable public transportation systems force more people to rely on private vehicles, further exacerbating congestion. Many cities lack efficient metro systems, and buses often run infrequently and are overcrowded. 85 percent commuters think Indian public transport is inadeq  .. Read more at: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/104553408.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

8. Inadequate Traffic Management Many cities lack effective traffic management systems, including traffic signals, signage, and police enforcement. This results in chaotic traffic conditions and increased risks of accidents. Lack of Public Awareness : There is often a lack of awareness among the public regarding traffic rules, safety practices, and the importance of adhering to regulations .

9. Awareness of concepts related to various traffic problems in India Traffic Congestion Urban Planning Public Transportation Road Safety Air Pollution Smart Traffic Management Pedestrian Safety Cycling and Walking Infrastructure Transportation Demand Management Community Engagement

10. PCU PCU stands for Passenger Car Unit Which is a measure used in transportation engineering to quantify the space occupied by different types of vehicles on the road. It provides a standardized way of comparing the traffic capacity of different types of vehicles. The concept of PCU is important for traffic planning, road design, and traffic flow analysis. It helps transportation engineers and planners assess the capacity of roads, plan for future traffic growth, and determine the appropriate design of road infrastructure.

11. The PCU values for various types of vehicles are typically determined through empirical studies and traffic observations. For example, a large truck might be equivalent to two or three PCUs, while a motorcycle might be equivalent to a fraction of a PCU. By converting different types of vehicles into PCUs, transportation engineers can analyze the overall traffic flow and capacity of roads more effectively, leading to better-informed decisions in road design, traffic management, and urban planning.

12. Traffic volume Traffic volume refers to the quantity of vehicles passing through a specific point on a roadway within a given period, typically measured in vehicles per hour ( vph ) or vehicles per day ( vpd ). It is a fundamental metric used in transportation engineering and urban planning to assess road usage, congestion levels, and overall traffic flow. There are various ways to measure traffic volume, including manual traffic counts, automated traffic counters (such as loop detectors or video cameras), and traffic surveys.

13. Advantages of traffic volume Data Evaluate Road Capacity Forecast Traffic Growth Assess Traffic Patterns Identify Congestion Hotspots Support Policy Decisions

14. Road capacity refers to the maximum number of vehicles that can pass through a given section of roadway under ideal conditions within a specific time frame, typically expressed as vehicles per hour ( vph ) or vehicles per day ( vpd ). It represents the ability of the road infrastructure to accommodate traffic flow without causing significant congestion or delays. Road Capacity

15. Classification of Urban road Urban Expressway:  An urban expressway typically refers to a high-capacity road or highway designed to efficiently move traffic through urban areas. These roads are often characterized by multiple lanes, limited access points, and higher speed limits compared to regular city streets.

16. Arterial road:  Arterial roads are major thoroughfares within a road network, typically designed to handle high volumes of traffic and provide efficient transportation between different parts of a city or region. These roads serve as key connectors between residential areas, commercial centers, industrial zones, and other destinations. The primary function of arterial roads is to facilitate the smooth flow of traffic, reducing congestion on smaller streets and providing a more direct route for long-distance travel In urban planning and transportation engineering, the design and management of arterial roads are important considerations for optimizing traffic flow, enhancing safety, and minimizing environmental impacts.

17. Sub Arterial Sub-arterial roads are typically secondary thoroughfares within a road network, positioned between major arterial roads and local streets. They serve as intermediate connectors that help distribute traffic from arterial roads to smaller, local roads within a city or region. they may have fewer lanes and lower traffic volumes compared to arterial roads, they still serve as important conduits for local and through traffic. In urban planning and transportation engineering, sub-arterial roads are often designed to balance the need for efficient traffic flow with considerations for safety, accessibility, and community impacts .

18. Distributor/Collector As  the  name  suggests,  these  are  connector  roads,  which  distribute  the  traffic  from  access  streets  to  arterial  and  sub  arterial roads. They are characterized by mobility and access equally.

19. Local Street  These are intended for neighborhood (or local) use on which  through  traffic is  to  be  discouraged.  These  roads  should  be made  pedestrian  and  bicycle  friendly  by  using  modern  traffic  calming  designs  to  keep  the  speeds within limits as per design.   Access Street:  These are used for access functions to adjoining properties and  areas.  A  majority  of  trips  in  urban  areas  usually  originate  or  terminate  on  these streets.