Lec 8 Superficial Structures of Head & Neck scalp.ppt

Superficial Structures of Head & Neck scalp.

1. Scalp: Extend from skin of eye brow to external occipital
protuberance and superior nuchal line, and at both sides to
superior temporal line. It consist of 5 layers:
1-Skin and subcutaneous tissue.
2-Connective tissue layer.
3-Aponeurosis epicranial with
occipitofrontalis muscle..
4-Loss subaponeurotic layer.
5-Periosteum (pericranium).

3. Occipitofrontalis muscle with epicranial aponeurosis

4. Occipitofrontalis muscle and epicranial
aponeurosis: -
•it consist of two occipitaland two frontal
bellies cover the vault and connected to it by
the epicranial aponeurosis (Sheet of strong
connective tissue).
Origin:-posteriorly from superior nuchal
line and anteriorly fromskin of fore head.
Insertion: -both bellies inserted into
epicranial aponeurosis.

5. Blood supply of the scalp
•1.supratrochlear artery
•2.supraorbital artery
These arteries are branches of the ophthalmic artery
which is a branch of internal carotid artery
While the following arteries are branches of external
carotid artery
3.superficial temporal artery
4.posterior auricular artery
5.occipital artery
So scalp has a rich blood
Supply & the 2 sides anastomosing with each other

6. Nerve Supply of Scalp
1.innervation in front of ear:-
sensory by trigeminal nerve
a-Supratrochlear, Supraorbital (ophthalmic).
b-Zygomatico temporal (maxillary)
c-Auriculotemporal (mandibular)
motor by temporal branch of facial nerve.
2. innervations back to ear:
Sensory by cervical plexus
a-Great auricular nerve (C2, C3)
b-Lesser occipital (C2)
c-Greater occipital (C2).
Motor: -posterior auricular branch facial.

7. Cutaneous innervation of the neck

8. veins of scalp
•The veins of scalp accompany the arteries with same
names.
• The Supratrochlear veinunited with supraorbital vein
at medial angle of eye forming angular veinwhich
continues as facial vein.
• The superficial temporal veindescends in front of ear
enters parotid gland and join maxillary veinto form
retromandibular vein, the anterior division of retro
mandibular vein unites with facial vein to form the
common facial vein which drains into the internal
jugular vein, the posterior division of retromandibular
vein unites with posterior auricular vein to form
external jugular vein which drains into subclavian
vein.

10. Pterygoid plexus of veins
it lies around lateral pterygoid muscle.
The plexus communicates with:
A. inferior ophthalmic through inferior orbital
fissure, then cavernous sinus through the
superior orbital fissure
B. facial vein through by deep facial vein.
C. maxillary vein which unites with superficial
temporal vein to form retromandibular vein.

12. Lymphatic drainage of scalp
into parotid and mastoid lymph nodes