Lec 9 Superficial Structures of Head & Neck scalp - Copy.ppt

Superficial Structures of Head & Neck scalp - Copy

1. The Face
• Extend from hairline superiorly to chin and base
of mandible. and on each side to the auricle.
Skin: -is very thick vascular and rich in
sebaceous and sweat glands.
Superficial Fascia
surrounding facial muscles with their nerves
and blood vessels.
Deep fascia is absent from the face except
over the parotid glandand buccinator.
Facial Muscles:
Act as facial expressions.

2. Muscles of facial expression

3. Buccinator
Origin: Arisesfrom the maxilla and mandible
adjacent to molar teeth and Pterygo-
mandibular rapheand pterygoid hamulus at
the raphe its fibres interdigitate with those
of the superior constrictor muscle of the
pharynx.
Buccinator fibres run horizontally forward to
be mixed with orbicularis oris in the lips.
Action: -Buccinator compresses the
cheeks against the teeth and used for
blowing and whistling.

4. Superior constrictor
Middle constrictor
Inferior constrictor
Pterygomandibular raphe
Buccinator
Cricopharyngeus

5. The Parotid gland
Is the largest mix salivary gland located between the
mandibular ramusin front and mastoid process
and sternocleidomastoidbehind, and superiorly
related to the external acoustic meatusand
temporomandibular joint.
The Parotid ductemerges from the anterior edges of
the Masseter, then turns medially pierces the
buccinator and opens on the oral surface opposite the
second upper molar tooth.

6. Parotid gland of cadaver

8. Nerve supply:
A-Parasympatheticthrough tympanic branch of
glossopharyngeal nerve and then through lesser
petrosalnerve(branch of tympanic plexus) to the otic
ganglionthen post ganglionic fibers reach parotid
gland through auriculotemporalnerve.
B-Sympatheticsupply to the gland is from superior
cervical sympathetic ganglionof sympathetic trunk.
post ganglionic fibers reach the gland through
sympathetic plexus around external carotid artery.
C-Para-sympathetic stimulation leads to the
production of much saliva while sympathetic
stimulation decrease salivation.
d-Sensoryto gland by auriculotemporal
nerve(mandibular nerve), greater auricular n.(from
C2,C3)

10. Parasympathetic innervation
of parotid gland
Glossopharyngeal nerve tymapanic
branch to tympanic plexus(within middle
ear) lesser petrosal nerve
OTIC ganglia(parasympathetic ganglia)
Auriculo temporal nerve(branch of
mandibular nerve)
Parotid gland

12. Section through parotid gland

13. Structures within the parotid gland:
1. External carotid artery.which divides into its terminal
branches the maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery.
2. Retro mandibular vein.
3. Facial nervesuperficial to retro mandibular vein (give
no branches to the gland)
4-The Auriculotemporal nerve.

16. facial artery
arise from anterior aspect of external carotid arterypasses
upward deep to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle
towards the medial angle of the eye.
Branches of facial artery:
anteriorly
A-inferior labial to lower lip.
B-superiorlabial to upper lip.
C-Lateral nasal .
Posteriorly
anastomose with the transverse facial branch of
superficial temporal artery.
• The terminal branches of facial artery anastomose with
branch of ophthalmic artery• This is the site of
anastomoses between internal and external carotid
arteries.
• Facial arteries of both sides anastomose with each other
so any wound will bleed severely.

19. Superficial temporal artery
arise from external carotid artery anteriorly: branches are
1.Transverse facial artery.
2. Branches to the external ear.
3. Zygomatic artery.
4. Middle temporal arterysupplies temporalis
muscle.
5. The terminal branches(anterior and posterior)
supply the frontal and parietal region of scalp.