Lec01 Applications of Information and communication technology (ICT).pptx

Applications of ICT

1. Applications of Information and communication Technologies (ICT) Lecture 01

2. Overview Introduction Course Introduction Definition of system, subsystem Introduction of computer system Exploring Computers History/Background usage of computers Advantages/Disadvantages Types of Computers Laptop, Tablet, desktop prons/cons comparison

3. Introduction

4. Aims and objectives of Understand the role of computers in society. Learn major components of computer science, including: Hardware & Software Internet & World Wide Web Operating Systems Networks (LAN, MAN, WAN) Viruses, Security Threats & Anti-Virus Protection Develop skills in using and troubleshooting Microsoft Windows. Effectively use productivity software (word processing, presentations, etc.)

5. Learning Outcomes Understand IT & Computers Explore Networking & Internet Identify Software Types & Uses Develop Digital Skills Ensure Security & Privacy

6. What is System? A system is a group of parts that works together to perform a specific task or function to achieve a common goal. A system is anything where different parts work together to make something function properly. Examples Computer system (Hardware, software and CPU) Education system (Admin, teachers, and students) Human Body System (Heart, lungs, brain, and other organs)

7. What is Subsystem? A subsystem is a smaller part of a larger system that performs a specific function. A subsystem is like a smaller system inside a bigger one, helping it function properly. Examples Keyboard in a Computer – A part of the computer system used for typing and input. Library in a School – A part of the education system that provides books and resources. Battery in a Mobile Phone – A part of the phone system that supplies power. Heart in the Human Body – A part of the body that pumps blood.

8. What is Computer System ? – A programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs operations on that data, and stores the data – Follows instructions, called programs, which determine the tasks the computer will perform.

9. Computers Basic Operations:- Basic or primary operations: – Input: Entering data into the computer – Processing: Performing operations on the data – Output: Presenting the results – Storage: Saving data, programs, or output for future use – Communications: Sending or receiving data

10. Computer Basic Operations:-

11. Exploring Computers

12. History/Background of Computers The computer as we know it is a fairly recent invention The history of computers is often referred to in terms of generations. Each new generation is characterized by a major technological development Precomputers and early computers (before approx. 1946) – Abacus, slide rule, mechanical calculator – Punch Card Tabulating Machine

13. History/Background of Computers

14. History/Background of Computers

15. History/Background of Computers First-generation computers (1946-1957) – Enormous and powered by vacuum tubes – Used a great deal of electricity and generated a lot of heat – ENIAC and UNIVAC

16. History/Background of Computers • Second-generation computers (1958-1963) – Used transistors – Computers were smaller, more powerful, cheaper, more energy-efficient, and more reliable – Punch cards and magnetic tape were used to input and store data.

17. History/Background of Computers • Fifth-generation (now and the future) – Infancy stage – May be based on artificial intelligence (AI) – Will likely use voice and touch input – May be based on optical computers and utilize nanotechnology

18. The Usage of Computers Computers in the Home – Looking up information and news – Exchanging e-mail – Shopping and paying bills – Watching TV and videos – Downloading music and movies – Organizing digital photographs – Playing games

19. Computers on the job

20. Computers in Education Computer labs and classrooms – Most students today have access to computers in classrooms to help with learning. – A computer lab where students can use computers for studying, completing assignments, and learning new skills. Campus Wireless Hotspots – Many students can access the internet from anywhere on campus to do research. – checking e-mail and many more. Distance learning – Students participate from locations other than the traditional classroom setting using computers and Internet access.

21. Computers on the Go Computers are encountered in nearly every aspect of daily life – ATM transactions – POS systems at retail stores – Consumer authentication systems (smartphones, email, office) – GPS systems – Online Banking – Smart Home Devices (alexa)

22. Advantages of Computers Fast Work – Computers do tasks much quicker than humans. Stores Information – Keeps a lot of data safely for a long time. Saves Time & Effort – Automates work, so we don’t have to do everything manually. Easy Communication – Helps people talk through emails, video calls, and messages. Education & Learning – Helps students study and learn new things online. Multitasking – Can do many things at once, like browsing, typing, and listening to music. Entertainment – Used for watching movies, playing games, and listening to music.

23. Disadvantages of Computers Expensive – Good computers can cost a lot of money. Needs Electricity – Can’t work without power or charging. Health Problems – Too much screen time can hurt eyes and posture. Cyber Risks – Hackers and viruses can steal personal information. Job Loss – Machines can replace some human jobs.

24. Types of Computers

25. Laptops A laptop is a thin, lightweight mobile computer with a screen in its lid and a keyboard in its base Users who need or want to be able carry a computer from place to place may choose a laptop.

26. Prons Portable Uses less electricity than a desktop Contains a battery that can last at least several hours without being plugged in to an external power source Often more powerful than a tablet Contains several different types of ports All required components housed in a single unit (i.e., compact keyboard, touchpad, screen, speakers, etc.) Can support more types of external devices than tablets (i.e., full-sized keyboard, mouse, microphone, monitor, printer, scanner, webcam, speakers, etc.) Supports programs and apps specifically designed for desktops and laptops

27. Cons • Might not be as powerful as high-end desktops • May not support as much memory and hard drive space as desktops • Contains fewer ports than desktops • May support fewer external devices than desktops • Not as easy for a user to upgrade or repair as desktops • May not be as portable as tablets

28. Tablets A tablet is a thin, lightweight mobile computer that has a touch screen. Users who do not need the power of a laptop but require a portable computer for basic tasks may choose a tablet. Browsing the Internet – Checking websites and reading news. Watching Videos – Streaming YouTube, Netflix, etc. Email & Messaging – Sending emails and chatting. Basic Work – Writing notes, using spreadsheets, or light document editing.

29. Prons More portable than laptops Lightweight (most tablets weigh less than two pounds) Use less electricity than a desktop All required components housed in a single unit (touch screen, speakers, etc.) Can connect a removable keyboard Use thousands of free and fee-based apps Often are easier to use than desktops and laptops

30. Cons Not as powerful as desktops and laptops Hardware cannot be upgraded Have limited multitasking capabilities More susceptible to damage because they frequently are moved from place to place Because a touch screen is the primary form of input, it may be difficult to enter large amounts of text on a tablet (unless an external keyboard is connected) ergonomic problems may develop

31. Desktops A desktop is a computer designed to be in a stationary location, where all of its components fit on or under a desk or table. Users who may prefer desktops include those with basic home or office computing needs who do not require the portability of a mobile computer or those with high-end computing needs, such as 3-D gaming or HD video editing.

32. Prons Often more powerful than laptops and tablets Contain several different types of ports. Can accommodate more types of external devices than laptops and tablets (i.e., keyboard, mouse, microphone, different monitor, printer, scanner, webcam, speakers, gaming controllers etc.) Often support more memory and hard drive capacity than laptops and tablets Relatively easy for a user to upgrade and repair

33. Cons Require several external, separate components, such as a keyboard, mouse, speakers, and sometimes the monitor High-end models can be more expensive than laptops and tablets Cannot run apps designed for mobile device operating systems, such as Android and iOS

34. Comparison of Laptops, tablets, and Desktops Feature Laptop 💻 Tablet 📱 Desktop 🖥 ️ Operating System Windows, macOS, Linux Android, iOS, Windows Windows, macOS, Linux Runs Mobile Apps ❌ No ✅ Yes (Android/iOS) ❌ No Runs Desktop Software ✅ Yes (MS Office, Photoshop) No (Uses mobile versions) ✅ Yes (Full versions) Performance ⚡ Fast, but lower than desktops 🔋 Good for light use 🚀 Very powerful Portability ✅ Yes (Can carry around) ✅ Very portable ❌ No (Stays in one place) Best for Work, study, gaming Browsing, media, light work Heavy tasks, gaming, office work