lec08_musc (1). class presentation notes

Study notes

1. Anatomy of muscular system
Lecture
8

2. OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this lecture, student should
understand:
•Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
•Types of muscles
•Nomenclature of muscles

4. 4
Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
❖Excitability:ability to receive and respond to
stimuli
❖Contractility : ability to shorten and thicken
❖Extensibility: ability to stretch
❖Elasticity: ability to return to the original shape

5. Functions
•Movement –both voluntary & involuntary
▪Maintaining posture
▪Control of body openings and passages.
▪Production of body heat

6. The Muscular System
•Three basic muscle
types are found in the
body:
–Skeletal muscle
–Cardiac muscle
–Smooth muscle

7. Skeletal Muscles
Skeletal muscles are
•Voluntary,
•Connected to bones,
•Responsible for body
movement

8. Skeletal Muscle Characteristics
•Cells are multinucleate
•Striated–have visible banding
•Voluntary–subject to conscious control

9. Function of Skeletal Muscles
•Produce movement
•Maintain posture
•Stabilize joints
•Generate heat
•Protect internal
organs

10. •An average adult male
is made up of 42% of
skeletal muscle and
•an average adult
female is made up of
36% of skeletal muscle
(as a percentage of body
mass)

11. ❖Thefunctionofskeletal
muscleistocontractto
movepartsofthebody
closertothebonethat
themuscleisattachedto.

12. Muscles and Body Movements
Movementis attained
due to a muscle moving
an attached bone

13. Muscles and Body Movements
•Muscles are attached to at
least two points
–Origin–the end of the
muscle attached to a bone
that doesn’t move
–Insertion–the end of the
muscle that attaches to a
bone that moves

14. Muscles work in pairs.
•Because muscle cells can only
contract, not extend, skeletal
muscles must work in pairs.

15. Muscles work in pairs.
•While one muscle
contracts, the
other muscle in
the pair relaxes.

16. Muscles work in pairs.
•Flexorsbend
parts of your
body.
•Extensors
straightenparts
of your body.

17. Smooth Muscle
•Smooth muscle is involuntary, found in
the digestive tract, and helps to move
food and materials through your body.

18. or "involuntary
muscle"
•Location–inthewallsofinternalorganssuch
astheesophagus,stomach,intestines,
bronchi,uterus,bladder,andbloodvessels.
•Involuntary:Unlikeskeletalmuscle,smooth
muscleisnotunderconsciouscontrol.

19. Smooth Muscle Characteristics
•Has no striations -
smooth
•Spindle-shaped cells
•Single nucleus
•contractions are slow

20. Cardiac Muscle
•Cardiac muscle is involuntary and only
found in the heart.
Video Notes Anatomy Muscular System Smooth and Cardiac Muscle

21. Cardiac muscle
(myocardium),isalsoan
"involuntarymuscle"butismoreakinin
structuretoskeletalmuscle,andisfoundonly
intheheart.

22. Cardiac Muscle Characteristics
•Has striations
•Usually has a single
nucleus
•Branchedfibers
•Joined to another
muscle cell at an
intercalated disc
•Involuntary
•Found only in the
heart

23. 23
Cardiac Muscle
•Heart muscle,
•Involuntary
•Striated (Similar to
skeletal muscles)
•Functions
–Move blood through
the heart and through
the vessels

24. MOVEMENT
PERFORMED
BY
MUSCLES

25. •1. Adduction:
moving a body
part toward
the midline
•2. Abduction:
moving a body
part away from
the midline

26. Flexion/ Extension
•3.Flexion (Flexor) :
decreasing the angle
between two bones or the
bending of a body part
•4. Extension (Extensor):
increasing the angle
between two bones or
straightening of a body part

27. Rotation
•5. Rotation: a circular
motion which turns a
body part on its axis

28. Supination and Pronation
•Supination: the act of rotating the arm
so the palm of the hand is upward.
•Pronation: the act of rotating the arm so
the palm of the hand is turned
downward.

29. Depression and Elevation
•Depression:
to lower a part of
the body
•Elevation:
to lift a part of the
body

30. Connect
Moving a body part toward
the midline
Moving a body part away
from the midline

31. Fill in the space
………………………… ………………………….. …………………………..

32. Enumerate three types of
muscular tissue
1.…………………………… ..
2.…………………………… ..
3.…………………………… ..

33. Moving a body part toward the midline is
called _________?
A.Adduction
B.Abduction
C.Supination
D.Extension

34. The act of rotating the arm so the palm of
the hand is upward is called _________?
A.Adduction
B.Abduction
C.Supination
D.Extension

35. Decreasing the angle between two bones
or the bending of a body part is called
______?
A.Adduction
B.Abduction
C.Supination
D.Extension
E.Flexion

36. Cardiac muscles are ____
A.Voluntary striated
B.Involuntary smooth
C.Involuntary striated
D.Voluntary smooth

37. The end of the muscle attached to a bone that
doesn’t move is called _______?
A.Origin
B.Extension
C.Insertion
D.Target

38. The ability of muscles to shorten and
thicken is called _____?
A.Excitability
B.Contractility
C.Extensibility
D.Elasticity

39. The ability of muscles to return to the
original shape is called ____?
A.Excitability
B.Contractility
C.Extensibility
D.Elasticity

40. Type of muscles found in the digestive tract that helps to move
food and materials through your body is ____?
A.Smooth muscles
B.Cardiac muscles
C.Skeletal muscles

41. The following are true about Skeletal
muscles, EXCEPT _____?
A.Voluntary muscles
B.Striated muscles
C.Has a single nucleus
D.Found connected to bones

42. The following are true about
Cardiac muscles, EXCEPT _____?
A.Voluntary muscles
B.Striated muscles
C.Has a single nucleus
D.Branched fibers

43. The following is true about smooth
muscles EXCEPT _____?
A.Slow contractions
B.Not striated
C.Has a single nucleus
D.Found connected to bones

44. Thank you