Lecture-1-Chapter-1-History-of-Britain-for-teachers-to-use-inclass.ppt

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1. Country studies Huong Lam
Lesson 2
A HISTORY OF BRITAIN

2. Britain (the UK)
•Official name: The United
Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland
•Land area: 242,495 sq.
km
•Population: 66,573,504
•Language: English
•Ethnic groups: White,
Asian, Black, Mixed,
others

3. Outline
•Prehistory
•The Roman period (43 - 410)
•The Germanic invasions (410 - 1066)
•The medieval period (1066 - 1485)
•The sixteenth century
•The seventeenth century
•The eighteenth century
•The nineteenth century
•The twentieth century

4. PREHISTORY
• Important physical remnant of the early
Britons: Stonehenge built some time between
3050 and 2300 BC.
oThe construction took several phases to
complete.
o Theories of its use: ceremony ground,
burial ground, astronomical clock,
sundial …etc
• Since 8
th
cent. B.C: Land of the Celts and the
Celtic culture.

5. Stonehenge
Silbury Hill

6. THE ROMAN PERIOD
•AD 43: The Romans came to invade Britain,
and stayed.
•AD 410: The Romans left, leaving little
impact behind.
Notable event:
•AD 61: The revolt of Queen Boudicca against
the Romans.

7. The Roman Period
The ancient Roman
Republic
The Roman army invaded England
and Wales

8. The Roman period
(most of) England & Wales:
The Roman province of Britannia
A Celtic tribe (the Scots)
migrated from Ireland to
Scotland
Scotland: The Scots allied
with the Picts (also Celtic)
against the Romans
The Romans built the
Hadrian’s wall to protect
from attacks by the Scots and
the Picts
The Hadrian’s Wall

9. The Great Bath at the
Roman Baths, England

10. Boudicca (Boadicea)
“On this spot we must either conquer, or die
with glory. That is what I, a woman, plan to do.
Let the men live in slavery if they will!”
- Boudicca to her troops, before their last stand against
the Romans-

11. GERMANIC INVASIONS
•400s: Two tribes Angles and Saxons invaded
Britain and soon ruled the south-east.
With their arrival, Christianity spread
throughout Britain.
* Germanic peoples = Indo-European
speaking peoples originating in Northern
Europe and identified by their use of the
Germanic languages.
Included Scandinavians, the Anglo-Saxons
and the Germans

12. Invasions of The Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Saxons
5
th
century
Arthur, the
legendary king
who fought
against the
invading Anglo-
Saxons

13. Germanic Invasions
•800s: Another wave of invasion raised by the
Vikings , yet halted by King Alfred.
England was divided.
•900s: Cultural and religious similarities
merged two divisions into one united kingdom.
The Wessex
(King Alfred’s Saxon Kingdom)
in the south and west
The ‘Danelaw’
in the north and east (The
Vinkings)

14. Vikings
8
th
century
Anglo-Saxons
5
th
century
Celts
8
th
century
B.C.
The Celtic people were
Saxonized or driven to
• South-west Scotland
•Wales
•Cornwall
10
th
century: England =
Germanic kingdom
10
th
century:
Scotland=Gaelic kingdom

15. MEDIEVAL PERIOD I
•Norman invasion of England in 1066.
•England brought into the mainstream of western Europe
culture.
•Formation of language and class division.
Notable event:
•1066: The Battle of Hastings – the last time Britain was
successfully invaded.

16. The Battle of Hastings
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PE0RAgHr06U&feature=related
William the Conqueror
(1028 – 1087)
• When: October 14, 1066
• Where: Battle, East Sussex
• Who: Saxons under Harold II, King of England vs.
Norman French under Duke William of Normandy
• Why: fight over the throne of England after King
Edward the Confessor died.
• Results: Harold was killed.
England was ruled by the Normans .

17. MEDIEVAL PERIOD II
•Late 1300s: Spread of the English monarch to
other part of the British Isles.
•1300s: English became the dominant language.
•Cultural split still existed in the British Isles.
Notable events:
• Magna Carta (1215)
• The Black Death (1348-1350 in Britain)
• The Wars of Roses (1455-1485)
Notable figure:
•The legendary folk hero Robin Hood.

18. Medieval Period II
England: A strict feudal
system brought by the
Norman since 11
th
century
Wales: under the English
king’s direct rule
Eastern Ireland: controlled by Anglo-
Norman lords in the name of the
English king
The (Celtic) Welsh language and
culture remained strong, e.g.
Eisteddfod
The lords remained loyal to the
English king
• Germanic language, not the
Norman language (=French)
•The Anglo-Saxon concept of
common law, not Roman law
T
h
e

N
o
r
m
a
n

i
n
v
a
s
i
o
n
s

1
1
t
h

c
e
n
t
u
r
y
The Norman culture after 250 years did not gain predominance
Scotland: Remain independent
a gradual shift to English language
and customs (in the lowlands) 
culture split

19. Medieval Period II
•A strict feudal system in England
French-speaking Normans
English-speaking Saxons
The beginning of
the English class system
King
Great lords or Barons
Lesser lords
Peasants

20. Wars of the Roses
•Were a series of civil wars fought over
the throne of England
•Between the Lancastrians and the
Yorkists
•Greatly weakened the strength of great
barons

21. The Black Death in England (1348 – 1350)
• Reached England in
1348
• Killed 1/3 of the
population on its first
outbreak
• Caused the shortage of
labour

22. THE SIXTEEN CENTURY
•The Increasing power of the English monarch.
•The reign of the Tudor dynasty (1485-1603)
•The rise of Protestantism (đạo Tin lành) –
majority religion in England.
Notable figures:
•Henry VIII
•Elizabeth I

23. The Sixteen Century
•The Black Death (1348-1350 in England)
•The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485)
- Lancastrians (red rose)
- Yorkists (white rose)
Greatly weakened the power of the
great barons (nam t c)
ướ
• 1485: The Tudor dynasty began

24. The Sixteen Century
Politics
•A system of government departments was
established
•Feudal barons were no longer needed for:
•Implementing government policy
•Making government policy
•Parliament was split into 2 ‘Houses’
•The House of Lords = feudal aristocracy + leaders of
the Church
•The House of Commons = representatives from the
towns + landowners from the rural areas

25. Henry VIII (r.1509-1547)
& the rise of Protestantism
•Wanted a divorce with his first
wife.
•Rejected the Roman Church and
made himself head of ‘Church of
England’.
•Independent of Rome
•All church lands came under his
control by appointing its leaders
•Gave himself a large new source of
income

26. The six wives of Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon
DIVORCED
Anne Boleyn
BEHEADED
Jane Seymour
DIED
Anne of Cleves
DIVORCED
Kathryn Howard
BEHEADED
Katherine Parr
SURVIVED

27. Elizabeth I
(r.1558-1603)
•the last Tudor monarch
•Daughter of Henry VIII & Anne
Boleyn
•Elizabeth's reign - one of the
most glorious eras of British
history.
•The Virgin Queen

28. The 16th century
Rejection of
Roman
Church
+
A new spirit of
patriotic
confidence
The country became an
“island nation”
+
Britain was
closer to the
geographical
centre of the
western
civilization
(not on the
edge)
Protestantism,
taking a form as
Anglicanism
became the major
religion in England
The exploration of the Americas
and other parts of the world

29. THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
•The rise of the Stuart dynasty.
•Conflict between the parliament and the Stuart
monarchs about their way of raising money.
•Puritanism (Thanh giáo) and its classification of
immorality.
•The shift of power among the monarchs, from
Charles I to Cromwell, James II to William of Orange.
•Origin of the split in society in modern Northern
Ireland
Notable event:
•The Civil Wars & The execution of Charles I.

30. Stuart dynasty
•1603: James VI of Scotland becomes
James I of England
Scotland and England united with
little language difference but
separate parliaments, administrative
and judicial system.
•Conflicts: Parliament vs. Stuart
monarchs
Anti-Catholicism vs. sympathy
towards Catholicism of Stuart
monarchs.

31. The Civil Wars (1642 - 1651)
Results:
•Execution of Charles I, the 2
nd
son of James I (1649)
•the exile of his son Charles II
•Cromwell, leader of the Parliamentary army became ‘Lord
Protector’ of the republic with a military government
 Britain became a republic for the 1
st
and only time (1649-
1660)
Fun-loving, aristocratic
royalist
Cavaliers
‘Roundheads’
Over-serious, puritan
Parliamentarian
Victory
Oliver Cromwell

32. The shift of power
•When Cromwell died, Charles II and then his brother -
James II took the throne:
oRestored the Anglican Church
oTried to give full rights to Catholics and promote them in the
government
•Re-emerged Conflicts between monarch and Parliament
•The ‘Glorious Revolution’ 1688-1689 (bloodless)
•Prince William of Orange and his wife accepted the Parliament’s
invitation to become king and queen (William III)
•Powers of the monarch limited: the monarch could rule
only with the support of Parliament
•Division in Ulster: Anti-Catholic Scottish Presbyterians vs.
native Irish Catholics

33. THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
•A politically stable period.
•Establishment of annual budget system.
•Two divisions in Parliament
•Colonization & industrialization.
Notable events:
•The 1707 Act of Union
•Industrial Revolution

34. Territory Expansion
•This century was marked by cultural change
•Britain expanded its empire in
•The Americas
•West African coast
•India New markets

35. First Industrial Revolution
•Causes: new markets + technological
innovations in manufacturing & transports…
•Industrial growth and urban development.
•The North being the industrial centre, the
reverse of today situation.

36. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
•The biggest empire in the world after the end of the
century
•An enormous increase of wealth
•A change in attitude towards colonization (the white
man’s burden)
•Most people lived in towns or cities.
•Set of moral values built.
•Reform in political (more of a modern state) and
public life (human rights recognized in laws).
•A turn from industrial life-style to the country-side.
Notable figure:
•Queen Victoria

37. The expansion of the British
Empire
•Biggest empire the world had ever seen (in early
20
th
cent.)
Ireland: British
culture and way of
life predominated
Canada, Australia and
New Zealand: self-
governed but
recognized the overall
authority of British
government
Africa: most colonies started as
trading bases on the coast and
had little British settlement,
except for South Africa
India: British officials
developed a distinctive
Anglo-Indian way of life,
imposing British institution
and methods of
government

38. The 19th century
The white man’s burden –
a satiric take
This advertisement for soap uses the theme
of the White Man's Burden, encouraging
white people to teach cleanliness to
members of other races

39. The 19th century
•Changes in social structure
In the past In the 19
th
century
Most people live in rural
areas
Most people lived in towns
and cities
Depended on landowners
for their living
Depended on factory
owners for their living
Together with the middle class of tradespeople
Held the REAL POWER in
the country
Victorian values

40. Victorian Era
•One of the most memorable and
endearing of the English monarchs
•Scientific and technological
development
•Impressive economic development,
the height of the Industrial
Revolution
•Improvement of human rights
•Reforms in politics
•Arts, architecture, literature
flourished
•Nostalgia and protests against new
lifestyle = A turn from industrial life-
style to the countryside
Queen Victoria (r.1837-1901)

41. THE TWENTIETH CENTURY I
•No longer the world’s richest country.
•A period of extremism during the first 20 years.
•Two major problems resolved:
- Women’s right to vote – the Suffragettes
- New types and levels of taxation
•Urban working class made their voice heard. (1)
•Trade unions able to self-organize.
•Divided community in Northern Ireland
•Notable events: World Wars
•Notable figure: Winston Churchill

42. THE TWENTIETH CENTURY II
•End of the British Empire
•Part of the Commonwealth, NATO and EU
•A major growth in population & large-scale immigration
•Changing moral codes (people became more individualistic and
less differential)
•Labour Party and its Conservative rival alternating in power
•Notable figures:
-Queen Elizabeth II
-Margaret Thatcher

43. THE 21
st
CENTURY
Winston
Churchill
41
st
PM
In office:
1940 - 1945
Political party:
Conservative
and Liberal
Margaret
Thatcher
47
th
PM
In office:
1979 - 1990
Political party
Conservative
Tony Blair
49
th
PM
In office:
1997 - 2007
Political party:
Labour
Gordon Brown
50
th
PM
In office:
2007- 2010
Political Party:
Labour
Rishi Sinack
Current PM
2022- now
Political Party:
Conservative
Queen Elizabeth II
(r.1952-)

44. REVIEW

45. Questions for discussion
1.What were the invaders’ influences on
British society?
2.How did the industrial revolution in the 18
th

century contribute to British wealth, power
and confidence?
3.How would you describe the changing
relationship between religion and politics in
British history? Are these changes that have
taken place similar to those that have
ocurred in your country?

46. Questions for discussion
4. Britain is unusual among European countries in that, for
more than 300 years now, there has not been a single
revolution or civil war. What reason can you find in this
chapter which might help to explain this stability?
5. It is clearly seen from the chapter that Britain has
experienced several significant historical periods in its
long history. Which period, in your opinion, was the most
critical one in shaping the nation’s history? And why?

47. True or False?
1.Germanic peoples are those from German
2.Britain was defeated by the French people in the 18
th
century
3.The power of the great barons were weakened mainly
because of the Wars of Roses
4.Britain used to be on the edge of the world
5.Britain has never been a republic country
6.In the 18
th
century, social power and prestige rested on the
possession of houses in the urban area
7.Victoria Era was a long period of prosperity for the British
people
8.Britain started to lose its position as the richest country in the
world in the 21
st
century
F (Indo-European speaking countries)
F (1066)
F ( also because of the Black Death))
T
F (once in 17th cen.)
F (land in the countryside)
T
F (20
th
century)

48. Put the following phrases into the correct period of
time
a.The beginning of the
English class system The
Roman Period
b.Enormous increase in
wealth
c.Power of the great barons
was weakened
d.Introduced new farming
methods
e.Iron Age Celtic Culture
f.British territory expansion
g.Impressive development in
many fields of the society
h.A system of
government
department was
established
i.England and Scotland
were united
j.Urban development
1.Prehistory
2.The Roman period
3.The Germanic invasions
4.The medieval period
5.The sixteenth century
6.The seventeenth century
7.The eighteenth century
8.The nineteenth century
9.The twentieth century
k.Industrial revolution
l.Brought Christianity to Britain
m.Built the Hadrian’s Wall
n.No longer the richest country
e
m
d, l
a
c, h
i
f, j, k
b, g
n

49. References
•O’ Driscoll, Britain. OUP
•Oxford Advanced Learner’s Encyclopedic Dictionary
•British History in-depth:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/launch_tl_british.shtml
•en.wikipedia.org
•www.englishmonarchs.co.uk
•www.british-history.ac.uk
•http://primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/history/index.html