Lecture 1 database management system .pdf

Lecture 1 database in Nile University

1. CSCI305
Database Systems
Course Instructor:
Dr: Amira Gaber Mahmoud
Email: [email protected]

2. Nile University

3. Subject
Week 1 (11/2-15/2):The Database Environment-Chapter 1-MODERN DATABASE MANAGEMENT
Week 2 (18/2-22/2):): Data Modeling using ER Model-Chapter 2-MODERN DATABASE MANAGEMENT
Week 3 (25/2-29/2):EER Model-Chapter 2-MODERN DATABASE MANAGEMENT .
Week 4 (3/3-7/3): Relational Mapping and Database Creation Chapter 4-MODERN DATABASE MANAGEMEN
T + Quiz 1
Week 5 (10/3-14/3):Introduction to SQL-Chapter 6 -Elmasry
Week6 (17/3-21/3): Advanced SQL_Part1 -Chapter 7 -Elmasry
Week7 (24/3-28/3): Advanced SQL_Part2 + Quiz 2
Week8&9 (31/3-11/4):Midterm Exam-Eid El-FitrHoliday
Week10 (14/4-18/4):Functional Dependencies and Normalization -chapter 14-Elmasry
Week 11 (21/4-25/4):Physical Database Design -Chapter 5-MODERN DATABASE MANAGEMENT
Week 12 (28/5-2/5): Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory -Chapter 20-Elmasry
+ Quiz 3
Week 13 (5/5-25/5): ShamEl-Nesim
Week 14 (12/5-16/5): Project Discussion
Week 15(19/5-23/5) Revision

4. References
▪Modern Database Management, 10
th
edition, A. Hoffer
▪Fundamentals of Database Systems, 5
th
edition, Elmasriand Navathe
▪An introduction to database systems, 8
th
edition, C.J . Date

5. Assessment
Final-Term Examination 35
Mid-Term Examination 15
Lab Work 15
Quizzes 10
Project 20
Lecture Attendance 5

6. Objective
This course introduces the basics of database systems analysis and design.
You will be introduced to the internal organization of a database system, and
the main tasks of a database developer

7. Lecture1:
The Database Environment

8. Chapter 1
➢Define each of the following key terms: data, database, database
management system, information, metadata, enterprise data model,
relational database, enterprise resource planning (ERP) system.
➢Name several limitations of conventional file processing systems.
➢Explain advantages of the database approach, compared to traditional
file processing.
➢Identify several costs and risks of the database approach.
➢List and briefly describe the components of a typical database
environment.
➢Identify the categories of applications that use databases and their key
characteristics.

9. BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
Data:
Facts concerning objects and events that could be recorded and stored
on computer media. (e.g. facts, text, graphics, images, sound, video
segments)
Information:
Data processed to be useful in decision making
Database:
An organized collection of logically related data

10. Data vs Information
Data in Context
Summarized data

11. Chapter 1
Metadata
Metadata:
Data that describes data
Descriptions of the properties or characteristics of the data, including data types,
field sizes, allowable values, and documentation

12. Chapter 1
TRADITIONAL FILE PROCESSING SYSTEMS
➢Computers had to store, manipulate, and retrieve large files of
data
➢Computer file processing systems were developed for this
purpose
➢As business applications became more complex, it became
evident that traditional file processing systems had a number
of shortcomings and limitations

13. Chapter 1
HR Finance
TRADITIONAL FILE PROCESSING SYSTEMS
Duplicate Data
Separation/ isolation of data
Program data dependence
Incompatible file format

14. Chapter 1
© Prentice Hall, 2002
Three file processing systems at Pine Valley Furniture
Duplicate
Data

15. Chapter 1
Disadvantages of File Processing
Program-Data Dependence
•Each application programmer must maintain their own data.
•Each application program needs to include code for the metadata of each file.
•Each application program must have its own processing routines for reading,
inserting, updating and deleting data.
•Lack of coordination and central control
•Non-standard file formats.
Limited Data Sharing
•No centralized control of data

16. Chapter 1
Disadvantages of File Processing(cont.)
Data Redundancy (Duplication of data)
•Waste of space to have duplicate data
•Causes more maintenance headaches
•The biggest Problem:
•When data changes in one file, could cause inconsistencies
•Compromises data integrity
Lengthy Development Times
•Programmers must design their own file formats
Excessive Program Maintenance
•80% of of information systems budget

17. Chapter 1
SOLUTION:
The DATABASE Approach
Central repository of
shared data
Data is managed by a
controlling agent
Stored in a
standardized,
convenient form
Requires a Database Management System (DBMS)

18. Chapter 1
Database Management System
DBMS
Database
containing
centralized
shared data
Application
#1
Application
#2
Application
#3

19. Chapter 1
Database Management System (cont.)
DBMS: A software system that is used to create, maintain, and provide
controlled access to user databases.
The primary purpose of a DBMS
➢provide a systematic method of creating, updating, storing, and retrieving the
data stored in a database.
➢enables end users and application programmers to share data.
➢enables data to be shared among multiple applications rather than
propagated and stored in new files for every new application

20. Chapter 1
Advantages of Database Approach
➢Program-Data Independence
➢The separation of data descriptions (metadata) from the application programs that use
the data is called data independence
➢Metadata stored in DBMS, so applications don’t need to worry about data formats
➢Data queries/updates managed by DBMS so programs don’t need to process data access
routines
➢Results in: increased application development and maintenance productivity
➢Minimal Data Redundancy
➢Leads to increased data integrity/consistency

21. Chapter 1
Advantages of Database Approach(cont.)
Improved Data Sharing
•Different users get different views of the data
Enforcement of Standards
•All data access is done in the same way
Improved Data Quality
•Constraints, data validation rules
Better Data Accessibility/ Responsiveness
•Use of standard data query language (SQL)
Security, Backup/Recovery, Concurrency
•Disaster recovery is easier

22. Chapter 1
Database System

23. Chapter 1
Components of Database Environment

24. Chapter 1
Components of Database Environment(cont.)
➢Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools:
automated tools used to design databases and applications
programs.
➢Repository:
centralized knowledge base for all data definitions
➢DBMS:
a software system that is used to provide controlled access
to user databases.

25. Chapter 1
Components of Database Environment(cont.)
➢Database:an organized collection of logically
related data
➢Application programs: computer programs that
are used to maintain the database and provide
information to users.
➢User Interface: facility by which user interact with
various system components

26. Chapter 1
The Range of Database Applications
➢Personal Database:
➢standalone desktop database
➢Workgroup Database:
➢local area network (<25 users)
➢Department Database:
➢local area network (25-100 users)
➢Enterprise Database:
➢wide-area network (hundreds or thousands of users)

27. Chapter 1
The Range of Database Applications:personal
computer database
Typical data from a personal computer database

28. Chapter 1
The Range of Database Applications:Workgroup
database
Workgroup database with local area network

29. Chapter 1
The Range of Database Applications:enterprise
data warehouse
An enterprise data warehouse

30. Chapter 1
Evolution of DB Systems
1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s
Object-relational AND Object-
oriented
Relational and Data warehousing
Flat files
Hierarchical and Network

31. Chapter 1
Flat File database
Flat File Database includes one dimensional table of data organized in rows and columns.

32. Chapter 1
Relational Database
Relational Database includes multiple tables of data that are related by a common field.

33. Chapter 1
Flat File database

34. Chapter 1
Network & Hierarchical Database
Network Database Hierarchical Database

35. Chapter 1
Relational & Object-oriented database model
Relational database model Object-oriented database model

36. Chapter 1
Database Models

37. Chapter 1