lecture 1 Drug dosage forms,precrption writing & their administeration routes.pptx

Drugs dosage different forms

1. Dosage forms of drugs/Demonstration of IM IV Root/Prescription writing Presented by ; Dr Tashfain Ahmad Khan Department of Pharmacology Jinnah Medical College Peshawar

2. What is Drug Dosage Form Pharmaceutical Drug Dosage Form can be defined as a physical form of a drug such as solid , liquid or gas by which it can be delivered in proper form to particular sites within the body.

3. What is the need of drug dosage form ? Protection Protection from external environment e.g coated tablets and sealed ampoules. Protection from degradation because of gastricjuice . To improve therapeutic activity To provide optimal drug action directly to site of action eg ointments. To place the drug directly into the orifices eg rectal and vaginal dosage forms. To provide optimal drug action in the blood stream eg injections

4. To provide rate controlled drug action eg modified release drug forms. To improve bioavailability of drugs with narrow absorption window eg gastro retentive dosage forms. To improve patient compliance To maintain accuracy of dose eg unit dosage forms. Reduction in frequency of dosing eg sustained release and controlled release. To improve the physical properties of drugs eg coated dosage forms. Ease of handling and administration.

5. Solid forms 1. Tablets Compact products containing medicinal substances in compressed form . Circular shape with flat or convex surfaces

6. 2.Capsules They consist of medicinal substances enclosed in a shell. Cylindrical or oval shape and used for medicines having unpleasant taste.

7. 3.Cachets Consist of drug powder enclosed in a shell and used for medicines having unpleasant taste. Sizes containing 0.2 to 1.5 gm of powder

8. 4. Pills Contain one or more medicinal substances,sugar coated and having max weight of 300mg. Spherical or oval shape.

9. 5. Powder Fine particles having mixture of two or more substances with minimum wt of 120 mg upto 2 gs ., intented to be used for internal or external purposes.

10. 6.Suppositories Solid bodies containing medicinal substances suitably shaped for rectal administration eg Glycerin suppositories

11. 7. Enemas Oily or aqeous solutions or suspensions for rectal administration and given for antihelminthic , anti inflammatory, purgatives or sedative actions.

12. Liquid forms 1. Mixture Liquid preparations consisting of one or more drugs dissolved in aqueous vehicles with flavouring agents for internal administration.

13. 2. Suspensions Mixtures of insoluble drugs or sparingly soluble drugs in wateror other vehicles in which particles of insoluble drugs are kept in suspended state by means of a suitable suspending agent eg bismuth chalk suspension.

14. 3. Emulsions Liquid preparations containing two immiscible liquids which are made miscible with the help of a suitable emulsifying agent eg castor oil emulsion.

15. 4. Linctuses Viscous preparations containing sucrose and medicinal substances and posess demulcent, expectorant and sedative properties.

16. 5. Elixers Pleasantly flavoured and sweetened liquid,used in preparation of potent and nauseated medicines.They contain high portion of alcohol or glycerin or propylene glycol eg Paracetamol eixir

17. 6. Syrups Concentrated aqueous solutions of sucrose or other sugars or other sugars to which the medicinal substance and flavouring agent may be added eg vit B12 complex syrup.

18. Local application 1. Lotions Liquid preparations for local use on skin. Lotions are not to be rubbed eg Calamine lotion

19. 2. Colloidions Liquid preparations consisting of solvent or a mixture of organic solvents usually ether or alcohol and are used to seal minor cuts or wounds.

20. 3. Creams,Ointments,Liniments,Paste and Poultice They are viscous emulsions of semisolid consistency which may be oil in water type or water in oil type and are prepared with the help of suitable emulsifying agent.

21. 4. Lozenges These consist of concentrated medicinal substances incorporated in flavoured vehicle in solid form. They are intended to dissolve or disintegrate slowly in the mouth eg Benzocaine compound

22. 5. Pessaries They are solid medicinal substances suitably shaped for vaginal administration.They contain drugs mostly antibiotics,Antifugal , Analgesics etc

23. IM /IV ROUTE DEMONSTRATION

24. Prescription writing It consists of four parts. 1. Superscription 2.Inscription 3.Subscription 4.Signature