Lecture-1 Historical events in the evolution of the discipline of immunology

Historical events in the discipline of immunology covering a few significant events in building the science of host defense system.

1. Historical Events in Immunology
Prof. Sreerama Krupanidhi
Email: [email protected]

2. Objectives
•To Review Historical events in Immunology.
•To consolidate the sub disciplines of Immunology.
•To Overview the Components of Immune System.

3. Expected Outcomes
•The depth of the discipline of immunology will be known in
nutshell.
•The contributions of Nobel Laureates in Immunology will be
familiarized.
•The Immunological memory to appreciate vaccine will be known.
•Immunoinformatics tools to practice vaccine design will be
acquainted.

4. Immune System
•Tissues: Lymph and Lymph
Glands
•Cells: Immune Competent
Cells and Immune accessory
Cells
•Molecules: Immunoglobulins,
Antigens and Cytokines,
Complements, Receptors

5. Historical Events In Immunology
•Edward Jenner – (Small Pox)
•Loius Pasteur – (Vaccines)
•Elie Metchnikoff – (Phagocytosis)
•Emil von Behring – (Serum therapy-diphtheria)
•Jules Bordet – (Complements)
•August Wasserman – (Syphilis)
•Landsteiner - (Blood groups)
•Rodney Porter and Gerald Edelman – (Antibodies)
•F Mc Farlane Burnet – (Tolerance)

6. Historical Events In Immunology
•Murray & Thomas: (Transplantation)
•Rosalyn Yalow – (Radioimmunoassay)
•Cesar Milstein & Kohler– (Monoclonal antibodies)
•Susumu Tonegawa - (Diversity of IgGs)
•Rolf Zinkernagel – (MHC–Restriction & Ag presentation)
•George Snell – (HLA Diversity)
•Bruce A. Beutler, Jules A Hoffmann, Ralph M Steinman –
(TLR : Innate immunity, DC Cells)
•James P Allison and Tasuku Honjo- (Blockade of mmune Check-
Point Therapy for Cancer)

7. Sub-Disciplines of Immunology
•Immunobiology
•Immunogenetics
•Immunodiagnostics
•Immunotherapy
•Vaccinology
•Immunoinformatics
•Immunotechnology

8. Trypanosoma: Protozoan flagellate; Blood parasite
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- IMMUNOLOGY- S K N, Dept of Biotechnology,
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Antigenic shift

9. Over-view of the Immune System
•Innate Immunity
Pre-Existing
Non-Specific
•Adaptive
Immunity
Responsive
Specific

10. Cells of Immune System
•Phagocytic cells
–Leukocytes:
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Monocytes
•Lymphocytes
B-Lymphocytes: Memory and Plasma cells
T-Lymphocytes: Th and Tc cells
NK Cells
•Engineered Immune cells: CAR T cells and CAR NK cells

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12. Two arms of AI
•Humoral
Immunity
–Antibodies
•Cell Mediated
Immunity
–T- cells

13. 13

14. Immunological Memory
•More Rapid
•More Intense
•More Prolonged
•More Specific

15. The Clonal Selection Theory
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16. Graph showing the CD4 T cell population in relation to the
age of AIDs
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17. Chemical mediators
•Extra Cellular
Cytokines
Complements

18. Immunoinformatics software tools
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Multi Epitope Prediction - Prof. S.Krupanidhi, Vignan's
University
Allertop
Ramachandran Plot
ProtSol
NetCTL 1.2 Server - CBS/DTU
DimPlot

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Ill-Health Practices

20. Summary
•Cellular and Biochemical components of IS are
known.
•Historical events showing the milestones in
immunology are elucidated.
•Sub-disciplines of immunology and over-view of
immune system are made familiar.
•Immunological memory and immunoinformatics
tools are shown.
Summary

21. Acknowledgements
•We acknowledge the online resources and
public domains for the Preparation of the
content to develop teaching material.

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