Lecture-1 (Introduction to Principal of Aquaculture).ppt

lecture

1. PRINCIPLE OF AQUACULTURE
Lecture-1 (Introduction)
Dr. Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman
Assistant Professor

2. Let us all we enter the fascinated
world of fisheries and Aquaculture

3. AQUACLTURE
Aquaculture is the raising and harvesting
of aquatic animals and plants in water.
Common products of aquaculture are
carps, catfish, trout, oysters, shrimp,
salmon, and tropical fish for aquariums.
FISH FARMING
Fish culture is the raising and harvesting
of various fish species in confined
conditions.

4. FISHERIES
The term fisheries is used to describe any
thing related to fishes, the waters where
fishing takes place or the species of fish being
harvested, fisheries industry.
Fisheries of may be large commercial fisheries,
recreational fisheries, or small subsistence
fisheries (fishing to provide the basic needs of
the fishing community). The term fishery is
also used to describe the waters where fishing
takes place or the species of fish being
harvested

5. Importance of Aquaculture
•People consume about 70% of fish caught, and nearly
30 % are used as animal feed that helps produce other
forms of protein.
•Fish protein represents about 25 % of the total animal
protein consumed by the world’s population, second
only to beef.
•Fisheries are an important source of food, income, jobs,
and recreation for people around the world.
•More than 1 billion people worldwide rely on fish as an
important source of animal proteins.
•Source of livelihood and income, as well as an essential
source of protein aquaculture

6. •About 47 % of the main stocks or species groups are
fully exploited
•By 2015-2030 world capture production will stagnate,
while world aquaculture production will continue to
increase
•Contribute 29% of global supplies of fish, crustaceans
and molluscs
•Small-scale aquaculture integrated with other farming
activities
•Total world trade of fish and fishery products export
value of $60 billion

7. 7
Pakistan Production (FAO Fishery Statistic)

8. 8
Pakistan Capture Production (FAO Fishery Statistic)

9. 9
Pakistan Aquaculture Production
(FAO Fishery Statistic)

10. 10
PAKISTAN (2006-2007)
1.0 percent in GDP
3.4 percent in agriculture
Growth rate 16.6 %
•Fish Production573,600 M.tons
Marine 403,500M.tons
Inland Water 170,100M.tons
•Export Production Amount
(m.t) (US$)
90,225 M.tons 126 million

11. 11
FISHERIES RESOURCES
•Coast Line 1100 km
•EEZ 1,10,000 sq. nautical
miles
•Rivers and Major TributariesMax. 29,40000 ha
Min. 7,13000 ha
•Canals 22,400 ha
•Dams 24,960 ha
•Reservoirs
Attached to Barrages) 40,840 ha
•Lakes and Water Logged areas 47,400 ha
•Small Dams 5,000 ha
•Private Aquaculture Farms 24,000 ha

12. World Fisheries

13. World Fishery Harvest in 2005
Capture fishery
Aquaculture
Total finfish and shellfish = 141.4 million metric tons ( MMT )
48.1 MMT of fish and shellfish93.3 MMT of fish and shellfish

14. Year 1996199719981999200020012002200320042005
Wild
Capture
MMT
93.794.287.693.695.693.093.290.494.493.3
Aquaculture
MMT
26.628.630.533.435.538.040.442.745.948.1
Wild capture harvest has remained stable
while aquaculture harvest of finfish and
shellfish has increased 181% in 10 years
Harvest of finfish and shellfish from the wild and from aquaculture, 1993 -2004

15. World Fishery Harvest in 2005
Capture fishery = 93.3 MMT
Human consumption = 75 % Animal feeds = 25 %
70.0 MMT 23.3 MMT

16. World Fishery Harvest in 2005
Fish and shellfish from capture = 70.0 MMT
Fish and shellfish from aquaculture = 48.1 MMT
Total fish and shellfish = 118.1 MMT
41%of fish and shellfish consumed by humans is from aquaculture
Seventy-five percent of the 93.3 mmt of finfish and shellfish
captured from the wild is equal to 70.0 mmt used for human
consumption

17. 1.China 16,900,000
2.Peru 9,600,000
3. USA 5,000,000
4. Chile 4,900,000
5. Indonesia 4,800,000
6. Japan 4,400,000
7. India 3,600,000
8. Russian Fed 2,900,000
9. Thailand 2,800,000
10. Norway 2,500,000
World Fishery Harvest in 2004
Ten top capture fishing countries in 2004, MMT

18. World per capita consumption
of seafood in 2006 =16.4
kg/yr
U.S. per capita
consumption of seafood
in 2006 =7.5 kg/yr
Pakistan per capita
consumption of fish in 2006 =
2.4 kg/yr

19. World Food Fish Aquaculture, by country in 2004 ( MMT )
10.
Chile
Aquaculture
3.
Philippines
1.
China
2.
India
4.
Indonesia
5.
Japan
6.
Viet Nam
7.
Thailand
8.
Korea
9.
Bangladesh
41,3302,4721,717 1,469 1,261 1,229 1,173 953 915 695

20. What is Aquaculture ?
Fish feed pellets
Young fish
Fish harvest from a cage
Harvesting fish from a pond

21. History of Aquaculture
•Aquaculture was developed more than 2000 years
ago in countries such as China, Rome, and Egypt.
•First book on fish farming was written by a Chinese
Fan Li in 475 BC.
•Fish farm pictures has been found in Egyptian
pyramids.
•Mollusk culture was advanced in the 1200s by the
discovery in France
•There are evidences of oyster culture in Japan in
1600AD

22. •The concept of pond fertilization was developed
in Europe about 1500 AD.
•In North America trout farming was started in
18th centaury.
•Fish farming got a boast after the first world war.
Revolution in fish farming came after the
successful induced spawning of fishes in China
in 1956.

23. Aquaculture began in China
Grass carp
Common carp
Bighead carp
Silver carp
70 % of world
aquaculture
harvest
Carp harvest in
2004 was
13,853,031 MT
Fish ponds in China

24. 24
1. Rohu, Labeo rohita
3. Thaila, Catla catla
2. Mori , Cirrhinus mrigala
Fresh Water Fish Species Cultured
in Ponds in Pakistan
A. Major carps (Indigenous)

25. 25
1.Common carp, Cyprinus carpio
2.Silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
3.Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella
4.Bighead Carp, Aristichthys nobilis
B. EXOTIC CHINESE CARPS
Fresh Water Fish Species Cultured in Ponds-II

26. 26
C. Tilapia
Oreochromis mossambicus
Oreochromis niloticus
D.Cold water Fishes
Rainbow trout, Onchorhyncus
mykiss
Brown Trout, Salmotruttafario
Other Exotic Fishes Introduced for Culture in Pakistan

27. Marine Shrimp

28. World harvest of farmed marine
shrimp in 2005 was 2,675,336MT
China –935,944 MT
Thailand –390,000 MT
Vietnam –275,569 MT
Indonesia –238,567 MT
India –133,020 MT
Marine shrimp capture from oceans in 2005 was 3,416,533MT
44%of marine
shrimp consumed
was farmed

29. Tilapia
Nile Tilapia
Red Tilapia
Indoors in the U. S.
Outdoors in Ecuador and
Indonesia

30. Rainbow trout

31. Oysters
Rafts used to suspend
oysters in baskets
Harvesting a rope of
oysters
Oyster bed on estuary floor
Raking oysters from bed

32. Pearl Oyster
Japan is the leading
producer of pearls
Inserting a nucleus
Removing a pearl

33. Marine Algae
World farmed harvest
in 2004 –16,225,410 MT
China harvested 71% of total
Algae farm
Cultivated kelp
Sushi with black
algae wrapper

35. Channel Catfish

36. Red Swamp Crawfish
Crawfish ponds
Harvesting traps
Rice fields

37. Ornamental fishes
Florida
Tampa
800 varieties of
freshwater fishes
worth $43.2 million
were harvested in
Florida in 1999
goldfish