Lecture_1.ppt netwok and security system by mr desu

securty system

1. Lecture 1
Introduction to GIS and Remote Sensing

2. Definitions of GIS?
•A geographic information system is a conceptualized
framework that provides the ability to captureand
analyzespatial and geographic data.
•A Geographic Information System is a multi-
component environment used to: create, manage,
visualizeand analyzedataand its spatial counterpart.
•It is computer system that analyzes and displays
geographically referenced information. It uses data
that is attached to a unique location.

3. Con’t…
•GIS stands for‘Geographical Information System’.
•Just as we use a word processor to write documents and deal
with words on a computer, we can use aGIS applicationto
deal withspatial informationon a computer.

4. What is Remote sensing?
•Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an
objector phenomenonwithout making physicalcontact with
the object.
•The term is applied especially to acquiring information about
the Earthand other planets.

6. Components of GIS
A working GIS integrates fivekey components:
Hardware
Software
Data
people
methods

7. GIS Hardware
•Hardware is the computer on which a GIS
operates.
•Today, GIS software runs on a wide range of
hardware types, from centralized computer
servers to desktop computers used in stand-
alone or networked configurations.

8. What is GIS Software / GIS Application(1)?
GIS software provides the functions andtools needed to store,
analyze, and displaygeographic information.
Key software components are:
•Tools for the input and manipulation of geographic
information
•A database management system (DBMS)
•Tools that support geographic query, analysis, and
visualization
•A graphical user interface (GUI) for easy access to tools

9. Do you know GIS Application?
•GIS Applications are normally programs with a graphical user
interface that can be manipulated using the mouse and
keyboard.
•The application providesmenusnear to the top of the window
(File, Edit etc.) which, when clicked using the mouse, show a
panel ofactions.
•These actions provide a way for you to tell the GIS
Application what you want to do.
•For example you may use the menus to tell the GIS
Application to add a new layer to the display output.

10. Tasks performed by GIS Apps
With a GIS application you can:
open digital maps on your computer
create new spatial information to add to a map
create printed maps customized to your needs
perform spatialanalysis.

11. some common tasks performed by GIS
applications:
•Data Collection and Integration:
•Modeling and Simulation:
•Building spatial models to simulate real-
world phenomena and analyze their
spatial patterns and relationships.
•Predicting outcomes or scenarios based
on spatial variables and parameters.

12. Remote Sensing Analysis:
•Processing and analyzing remote sensing
data such as satellite imagery, aerial
photographs, and LiDAR data to extract
information about the Earth's surface.

13. Decision Support:
•Providing tools and capabilities for decision-making in various
domains such as urban planning, environmental management,
disaster response, and business intelligence.
•Presenting spatial analysis results in a format that supports
decision-making processes.
•These are just some of the key tasks performed by GIS
applications, which play a vital role in various fields including
geography, environmental science, urban planning, natural
resource management, and public health.

14. •Gathering spatial data from various
sources such as satellite imagery, GPS
devices, surveys, and existing databases.
•Integrating different types of spatial data
including raster (imagery) and vector
(points, lines, polygons) data.

15. Routing and Navigation:
•Generating optimal routes for vehicles,
pedestrians, or other modes of
transportation.
•Providing turn-by-turn directions and
navigation instructions based on real-time
or historical traffic data.

16. Spatial Querying:
•Executing queries to retrieve specific
spatial information from the GIS database,
such as finding features within a certain
distance or within a defined boundary.

17. Data Editing and Management:
•Editing spatial data to update attributes,
geometry, or topology.
•Managing spatial databases, including
data storage, retrieval, and versioning.

18. Data Visualization:
•Displaying spatial data on maps, which
can include different layers of information.
•Creating thematic maps to visualize
patterns, trends, and relationships within
the data.

19. Spatial Analysis:
•Conducting spatial analysis to derive new
information or insights, such as proximity
analysis, overlay analysis, and spatial
interpolation.
•Performing geoprocessing operations like
buffering, clipping, and spatial joins.

20. Geocoding and Address Matching:
•Converting addresses or place names into
geographic coordinates (latitude and
longitude) for spatial analysis and
visualization.
•Matching addresses to known locations on
a map for routing, location-based services,
and demographic analysis.

21. Figure Menus in GIS Application:

22. Con’t…
•Toolbars(rows of small pictures that can be clicked with
the mouse) normally sit just below the menus and
provide a quicker way to use frequently needed actions.
Figure Toolbars in GIS Application:

23. Con’t…
•A common function of GIS Applications is to
displaymap layers.
•Map layers are stored as files on a disk or as records
in a database.
•Normally each map layer will represent something in
the real world ––road layer for example will have
data about the street network.

24. GIS Data
•Possibly the most important component of a GIS is
the data.
•Geographic data and related tabular data can be
collected in-house or purchasedfrom a commercial
data provider.
•A GIS will integrate spatial data with other data
resources and can even use a DBMS, used by most
organizations to organize and maintain their data, to
manage spatial data.

25. Con’t…
People
•GIS technology is of limited value without the people
who manage the system and develop plans for
applying it to real world problems.
Methods
•A successful GIS operates according to a well-
designed plan and business rules, which are the
models and operating practices unique to each
organization.

26. How does GIS digital data get stored?
•Just like the other applications, GIS Applications can
store their data in files on the computer hard disk.
•There are a number of different file formats for GIS
data, but the most common one is probably the
‘shape file’.

27. File extensions in GIS App
Extension Description
.shp The geometryof vector features are
stored in this file
.dbf The attributesof vector features are
stored in this file
.shx This file is an index that helps the
GIS Application to find features
more quickly.

28. Con’t…
If you want to share vector data stored in shapefiles with another
person, it is important to give them all of the files for that layer. So in
the case of the trees layer shown infigure_shapefile, you would need to
give the persontrees.shp,trees.shx,trees.dbf

29. GIS DATA TYPES
•Spatial data:
•Describes the absolute and relative location of
geographic features.
•Attribute data:
•Describes characteristics of the spatial features. These
characteristics can be quantitative and/or qualitative in
nature.
•Attribute data is often referred to as tabular data.