Lecture 13 Introduction of Joints...pptx

Introduction of Joints of human beings.

1. Course Name: Anatomy-I Course Code: BMS02101 Credit hours: 4(3-1) Course Details: Instructor : Dr. Arooj Hanif, PT UIPT,UOL

2. Definition of Arthrology. Joints. Types of Joints. Classification of joints. Functional Classification of joints. Mobile Joints. Introduction of Joints Topic of Lecture: Learning Objectives:

3. Arthrology

4. Joints

5. Functions of Joints

6. Functions of Joints (Contd.)

7. Joint Consists of: Cartilage: This is a type of tissue that covers the surface of a bone at a joint. Cartilage helps reduce the friction within a joint . Synovial membrane : A tissue called the synovial membrane lines the joint and seals it into a joint capsule. The synovial membrane secretes a clear, sticky fluid around the joint to lubricate it.

8. Ligaments :   Strong ligaments surround the joint to give support and limit the joint's movement. Ligaments connect bones together. Tendons: Tendons on each side of a joint attach to muscles that control movement of the joint. Tendons connect muscles to bones .

9. Bursas :   Fluid-filled sacs, called bursas, between bones, ligaments, or other nearby structures. They help cushion the friction in a joint. Synovial fluid:   A clear, sticky fluid secreted by the synovial membrane. Meniscus : This is a curved part of cartilage in the knees and other joints.

10. Classification of Joints A joint, also called an articulation, is any place where adjacent bones or bone and cartilage come together (articulate with each other) to form a connection. Joints are classified both structurally and functionally.

11. Structural Classification of Joints: Fibrous joint : is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective tissue. Cartilaginous joint : the bones are joined by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. Synovial joint : the bones are not directly connected, but instead come into contact with each other within a joint cavity that is filled with a lubricating fluid.

12. Functional Classification of Joints: The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility found between the adjacent bones. Joints are thus functionally classified as: Synarthrosis or immobile joint. Amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint. Diarthrosis , which is a freely moveable joint.

13. Types of Diarthrosis Diarthrosis are further divided into three categories, based on the number of axes of motion provided by each. An axis in anatomy is described as the movements in reference to the three anatomical planes: Transverse. Frontal. S agittal . 

14. Types of Diarthrosis (Contd.) Diarthrosis are classified as: Uniaxial ( for movement in one plane). Biaxial (for movement in two planes). Multiaxial joints (for movement in all three anatomical planes).

15. Mobile joints Ball-and-socket joints:   Ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder and hip joints, allow backward, forward, sideways, and rotating movements . Hinge joints : Hinge joints, such as in the fingers, knees, elbows, and toes, allow only bending and straightening movements.

16. Pivot joints : Pivot joints, such as the neck joints, allow limited rotating movements. Ellipsoidal joints:   Ellipsoidal joints, such as the wrist joint, allow all types of movement except pivotal movements.

17. MCQ’s 1. _____ moves in two planes A. uniaxial B. biaxial C. both 2. Joints are the location where ____ come together A. nerves B. ligaments C. bones

18. 3 . _____ are slightly moveable joint A. Amphiarthrosis B. Diarthrosis C. both 4. Many joints allow for movement between the _____. A. bones B. ligaments C. nerves

19. 4. Elbow joint is ______ joint. A. moveable B. immoveable C. Slightly moveable

20. MCQ’s Answer’s Key

21. SEQ’s

22. Learning Outcomes: At the end of this session students should be able to answer the following things: what are joints, functions of joints , classification of joints. Every student will be analyze and synthesis their knowledge and skills to create effective anatomy teaching and learning tools . Every student would be able to share his/her concepts to all class.

23. References: A Textbook of (Atlas of Human Anatomy) 5thEdition by Frank H. Netter, MD . Textbook of (Clinical Anatomy by Regions 9thEdition) Richard Snell, MD, PhD.

24. Any questions?