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1. Solar Radiation and Measurement By: Saket Singh Lecturer Department of Mechanical Engineering Mewar University, Rajasthan

2. Solar Radiation Solar radiation refers to the electromagnetic energy emitted by the sun. This energy travels through space and reaches the Earth in the form of sunlight. Solar radiation includes a range of wavelengths, from ultraviolet (UV) to visible light to infrared (IR).

3. Components Direct Solar Radiation : This is the solar radiation that directly reaches the Earth's surface without being scattered or reflected. It travels in a straight line from the sun. Diffuse Solar Radiation : This is the solar radiation that has been scattered by molecules and particles in the atmosphere and reaches the Earth's surface from all directions. Global Solar Radiation : This is the total solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface, including both direct and diffuse radiation.

4. Measurement of Solar Radiation Measuring solar radiation is crucial for various applications, including solar energy systems, climate studies, and agricultural planning. The measurement of solar radiation is typically done using specialized instruments like Pyranometer , Pyrheliometer etc.

5. Instruments Pyranometer Pyrheliometer Pyrgeometer Sunshine Tracker

6. Methods Ground based measurement Satellite based measurement Mathematical model

7. Factor affecting Solar Radiation Geographical Location: Solar radiation varies with latitude, with equatorial regions receiving more radiation than polar regions.
Time of Year: Solar radiation changes with the seasons due to the tilt of the Earth’s axis.
Time of Day: Solar radiation is highest at noon when the sun is at its zenith and decreases during the morning and evening.
Atmospheric Conditions: Cloud cover, air pollution, and atmospheric particles can scatter and absorb solar radiation, reducing the amount that reaches the Earth’s surface.
Altitude: Higher altitudes receive more solar radiation due to the thinner atmosphere.