LECTURE 2021.07.07 FACE AND SKULL.pdf anatomy

face and skull anatomy

4. Anterior
aspect of face
and skull
Muscles of
facial
expression
Interior of
skull July 7, 2021

5. Learning objectives
1.To learn the development and osteologyof facial and cranial bones
2.To describe the superficial face, the muscles of facial expression,
blood supply, nerve innervation(cranial nerve V and VII) and other
structures
3.To study osteology, interior of skull, cranial fossa, neurocraniumand
venous sinuses
4.To describe all 12 pairs of cranial nerves. To be able to deduce and
anticipate symptoms from lesions to an area. Conversely, given the
symptoms, to be able to locate the probable area of lesion
5.To describe the blood supply to the brain (Circle of Willis)
6.To learn the meningesthat envelop the brain, duralvenous sinuses,
epidural, subdural space and blood supply in the area
7.Cavernous sinus, relevant anatomy and clinical significance
VII

6. Development
of face
Chan

7. Craniofacial
development and
malformations
Cleft lip with
cleft palate

8. TreacherCollins Syndrome
Prematureall
neural
crest
mipjacialdgicieney

9. Cranial neural
crest cells and
craniofacial
development
Brain
Spinal
cord

10. Neural crest cells

12. Craniofacial development
The Developing Human
By Keith Moore
Maxillary
prominent
mandibular
24W
medial
nasal
1

14. Matisalmmined
I
Fusefirst
pharyngeal
derivefailfusebit
Intermaxi
segments
MaxillaryUpperlip
maxillary
prominence
X
Prominence
aside
unilateral
asidesbilateral

15. Different
components of
the pharyngeal
arches

16. The Developing Human
By Keith Moore
go

17. Structures derived from different pharyngeal arches
The Developing Human
By Keith Moore
1 1
11
inter
segment

18. bilateralfusion
bilateral
cleft

20. Human palatogenesis
6 wks
12 wks
vehicle
ystpalates
qq.ae
ignition
Dorota
hartalA
mum
thejusein
the
midline
I
plates'm
bltnasaleavity
s
oralcavity

23. Canine
eminence
Infraorbital
foramen
Frontal
bone
nasal
Bone
O
Zygoma
nasalcarily
Maxilla

24. Frontal bone
Maxilla
zygoma
Nasal bone

25. 745016
obalinwg.hilgtothe.lt
SRigst
lingua
mandiforamengopropidess
mannodth
head
tempo
joint
É
angst
frames
pmotherance
Neck
É
g
Mead
coronal
process
Heckfcondylarprocess
cartilagejointlingulagoMandibularnforgmyarteriesvein
mentalspine
mod.no
my
onyoidqrooveNene
vessel
Digashicjossalfutsubmandifossafubmandigland

26. 8
ÉÉ88th
9

27. Submandialand
sublingual
gland

28. O

29. tonnage
oblique
angle
d
helpto
shift
sideway

30. JD
chew
Imove
into3
region

31. Sensory innervation
to the face
Trigeminal Nerve
CN V
Face
into39
O
O
O
Va
VaVz
all
witted

33. Trigeminal Nerve (CN V): Overview
Somatosensory
nerves from V1
(red), V2(blue)
and V3(green)
Keck School of Medicine
É
V2
V3

34. Cutaneous Innervation of the Face
V1
Supraorbital Foramen/Notch
Supraorbital nerve, artery & vein
(from Frontal n. and Superior
opthalmic artery and vein)
V1
Infraorbital Foramen
Infraorbital nerve, artery & vein
V2
V2
Mental Foramen
Mental nerve, artery & vein
(from Inferior Alveolar n.a.v.)
V3
V3

35. Trigeminal Nerve (CN V): Overview
Nerve components
*Somatomotorto muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, medial
pterygoid, lateral pterygoid) and associated muscles around the mouth
(anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor veil palatini) and middle ear
(tensor tympani).
Somatosensoryfrom the skin of the face, *anterior 2/3 tongue, and
*elsewhere (e.g., teeth, mucosa).
*
Trigeminal (Gasserian,
semilunar) Ganglion
(cell bodies for somatosensory
axons:
equivalent to a DRG; middle cranial
fossa)

36. Trigeminal Nerve (CN V): Overview
V1
Ophthalmic Division (nerve)
Leaves the skull through the superior orbital fissureto
enter the orbit
V1

37. Cutaneousbranches
of V1
Supraorbitalnerve
Supratrochlearnerve
Infratrochlearnerve
External nasal nerve

38. Trigeminal Nerve (CN V): Overview
V2
Maxillary Division (nerve)
Leaves the skull through the foramen rotundumto enter
the pterygopalatine fossa
V2

39. Cutaneousbranches of V3Cutaneousbranches of V2
Infraorbitalnerve
Zygomaticofacialnerve
Zygomaticotemporalnerve

40. Trigeminal Nerve (CN V): Overview
V3
Mandibular Division (nerve)
Leaves the skull through the foramen ovaleto enter the
infratemporal fossa
V3

41. Cutaneous
branches
of V3
Auriculotemporal
nerve
Buccalnerve
Mental nerve
Ny

42. Cutaneous Innervation of the Face
Cranial nerves innervate front of skull
Spinal nerves innervate posterior side (dorsal and ventral rami
summary

43. Cutaneous Innervation of the Face

44. V1
V2
V3
Cutaneous Innervation of the Face

45. V1
V2
V3
Cutaneous Innervation of the Face
“SHARED ZONES”
1. Cunjunctiva of Eyelids
Upper eyelid: V1
Lower eyelid: V2
2. Mucus membrane of
Lips
Upper lip: V2
Lower lip: V3

46. Muscles of facial expression

47. glogtfeep
nap
Fergeybugs
Iii
mm
closeliplsumnd
smileholdmakE
Facialparalysis
Numburing
FacialN
Instedgtrigeminal's
closeorahisle
omeroglip

48. omerogp

49. Parotid gland and its duct
Eo
stare
corneram
collectsaliva
cheek
muscle
mastication
thistestfor
onsubaceof
Maxillarymust
90turnintoBuccinatormuscleopeninoral
cavityinoppositeandmaxillarymolar

53. 29Parotiduct

54. no

56. Facial Nerve
(CN VII)

57. Facial Nerve (CN VII): Overview
PetrousPart of the Temporal Bone
SquamosalPart of the Temporal Bone
InternalAcoustic Meatus
(exit for CN VII)
ExternalAcoustic Meatus
*Facial Canal (not shown) is
inside petrous temporal
*

58. Stylomastoid Foramen
(exit for CN VII)
Styloid Process
Facial Nerve (CN VII): Overview
i

59. Facial Nerve (CN VII): Somatomotor Branches

60. Facial Nerve (CN VII): Somatomotor Branches
Posterior
Auricular (P)
P
M
(Marginal) Mandibular (M)
T
Temporal (T)
Frontalis
Z
Zygomatic (Z)
Orbicularis
oculi
B
B
B
Buccal (B)
Buccinator;
Orbicularis oris
Cervical (C)
CPlatysma
*Tiny Zebra Bite My Cheek (Please)
Crosses over zygomaticbone
Crosses over Massetermuscle
Don’t call this “mandibularnerve” b/cthat’s V3
Hard to find
Helps you wiggle your ears
Along squamosalpart of temporal bone
O

61. Teak
Zebra
biking
Mountain
Climbing
Please

62. contrictBloodvessel
Fightsjiast

63. Autonomic nervous system
1.Peripheral nervous system
2.Influences the function of internal
organs
3.Control of respiration, cardiac
regulation, vasomotor, and reflex
actions (coughing, sneezing, and
etc.).
4.ANS is divided into sympathetic
(T1-L2) and parasympathetic
[craniosacral, (CN3, 7, 9 &10, S2-
4)] nervous system.
5.Sequential two-neuron efferent
pathway
o
cranialNerve3FacialVagus
Nena

64. synapse
Dave

65. Where are the cell bodies for
different fibers within the lingual
nerve??
Somatosensory
Semilunar
ganglion
Special sensation-taste fibers
Geniculateganglion Para-Pre-from
Pons to SMG

69. 2 cm superior to the
supraorbital margin
2 cm superior to the external
occipital protuberance
(very thin)

73. Cut the tentoriumcerebellibefore removing the brain