Lecture 23_ Anatomy of the shoulder.pptx

List the name of muscles of the shoulder region.
Describe the anatomy of muscles of shoulder
region regarding: attachments of each of them to scapula & humerus, nerve supply and actions on shoulder joint
List the muscles forming the rotator cuff and describe the relation of each of them to the shoulder joint.
Describe the anatomy of shoulder joint regarding: type, articular surfaces, stability, relations & movements.

1. Anatomy of the shoulder joint

2. Objectives List the name of muscles of the shoulder region. Describe the anatomy of muscles of shoulder region regarding: attachments of each of them to scapula & humerus, nerve supply and actions on shoulder joint List the muscles forming the rotator cuff and describe the relation of each of them to the shoulder joint. Describe the anatomy of shoulder joint regarding: type, articular surfaces, stability, relations & movements. Text in BLUE was found only in the boys’ slides Text in PINK was found only in the girls’ slides Text in RED is considered important Text in GREY is considered extra notes

3. These are muscles connecting Scapula to Humerus. (move humerus through shoulder joint ): 1-Deltoid 2-Supraspinatus 3-Infraspinatus 4 - Te re s m inor 5 - Te re s m ajor 6-Subscapularis Muscles Of Shoulder Region

4. A triangular muscle that forms the rounded contour of the shoulder. Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle (Anterior Fiber) Acromion (Middle fibers) Spine of scapula (posterior Fibers) ( Origin of Deltoid = insertion of trapezius ). Deltoid Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus . Nerve supply: A x ill ar y n erv e. ( C 5 ,C 6 ,C 7 ,C 8 ,T1 ) Actions: Anterior fibers: flexion & medial rotation of humerus (arm, shoulder joint). M i dd l e fi b ers: ab d u cti on of humeru s f ro m 15 ° - 9 °. Posterior fibers: extension & lateral rotation of humerus. Adduction ﻻا ﻲﺷ لﻛ يوﺳﺗ ﻲﻧﻌﯾ

5. Origin: scapula Supra spinatus: supra spinous fossa. Infra spinatus: infra spinaous fossa. Insertion: g reate r t u b erosi ty of humeru s . Nerve supply: S u p rascap u l a r n erv e. Action: Supra spinatus: abduction of humerus from 0° - 15°. Infra spinatus: lateral rotation of humerus. Supraspinatus & Infraspinatus Spine (Superior Trunk)

6. Teres major Origin: l atera l b or d e r of scap u l a Insertion: med i a l li p of b ici p i ta l g roov e of humeru s (with latissimus dorsi & pectoralis major) Nerve supply : lower subscapular nerve (Branch of posterior cord) Action s : ex te n si on , ad d u cti on & med i a l rotati on of humerus. (as action of latissimus dorsi) Teres minor Origin: l atera l ( ax ill ary ) border of scapula Insertion: g reate r t u b erosi ty of humerus (with supra/infraspinatus) Nerve supply: ax ill ar y n erv e Action: l atera l rotati on of humerus

7. Subscapularis Origin: su b scap u l a r f oss a . Insertio n : l esse r t u b erosi ty of humeru s Nerve supply: u pp e r & l o w e r su b scap u l a r n erv e s ( B ran c h of p oster i or cord ) Action: med i a l rotati on of humeru s.

8. Shoulder joint Type Articular surfaces Stability (Not stable) because of : Synovial, Multiaxial or polyaxial* (Ball & Socket) 1 - H ead of humeru s ( B al l ) 2 - G l en o i d cavity of scap u l a ( S oc k et) Head of humerus is 3 times larger than glenoid cavity. Capsule is redundant. Few ligamentous support: -glenoid labrum -coracohumeral. Main support: muscles around the joint ( Rotator cuff ). Wide range of movement. *Only the Hip and Shoulder joints are multiaxial The Stability the Range of movement

9. Rotator Cuff Infraspinatus Te re s m inor The tone of these muscles help in stabilizing the shoulder joint. Subscapularis Supraspinatus Muscles form a tendinous cuff around the shoulder joint covering its Anterior , Posterior and Superior aspects. ● The cuff is deficient Inferiorly and this is the site of potential weakness. axilla لا ﺔﮭﺟ تﺣﺗﻟ لزﺎﻧ humerus لا سأر نوﻛﯾ ﻊﻠﺧﻟا تﻻﺎﺣ بﻠﻏا اذﮭﻟ I t i s f ormed of 4 mu scl es ( S I T S ) :

10. Rotator Cuff Injury Rotator cuff can be damaged due to trauma (during playing baseball) or disease (in older individuals). Trauma can tear or rupture one or more tendon/(s) forming the cuff. Patients with rotator injury will present with pain, shoulder instability, and limited range of motion. Have almost the same symptoms as a dislocated shoulder Supraspinatus tendon is the most common site of rotato r cu f f i n j u ry . B ecau s e I t’ s t h e wea k est.

11. BURSAE * IN RELATION TO SHOULDER JOINT They reduce friction between tendons, joint capsule & bone. They are liable to be inflamed following injury of rotator cuff muscles. 1* S ubs capulari s bursa 2* I nf raspi natus bursa 3* S uba cromia l bursa between subscapularis te nd on & capsul e. between infraspinatu s te nd on & capsule. b et w een d e l to id , supraspinatus & capsul e. *Bursae : It’s a made up of synovial membrane that produces and contains synovial fluid sac outside of the membrane of the capsule & outside the joint , it has the same function of the capsule.

12. Relations of Shoulder Joint Anterior : S u b scap u l ari s. Posterior : i n f rasp i n atu s, And teres minor. Superior : S u p rasp i n atu s. Inferior : ax ill ar y n erv e.

13. Movements of shoulder Joint Flexion: Anterior fibers of deltoid. Pectoralis Major. Main Coracobrachialis (Muscle of Arm). Short head of biceps brachii (Muscle of Arm) Extension: Posterior fibers of deltoid. Latissimus dorsi. Teres Major.

14. Movements of Shoulder Joint Abduction: Fro m ° - 15 ° : S u p rasp i n atu s. Fro m 15 ° - 90 ° : M i dd l e fi b er s of d el to i d . Adduction: Pectoralis major. Latissimus Dorsi. Teres Major. All of them are inserted in Bicipital Groove In case of fracture of the surgical neck of humerus, the most affected movement is Abduction

15. Movements of Shoulder Joint Medial Rotation: Pectoralis Major. Lati ssi mu s Dors i . Teres Major. Anterior Fibers of deltoid. Subscapularis. Lateral Rotation: Posterior fibers of Deltoid. Infraspinatus. Teres minor. First 3 are inserted in bicipital groove

16. S U M M A R Y Muscle Deltoid Supraspinatus & infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Subscapularis Origin lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula 1- Supraspinatus : supraspin o u s f ossa 2-I nfraspinatus : infraspinous fossa latera l (Axillary ) border of Scapula latera l b or der of scapula subscapular fossa Insertion d e l to i d t ub eros i ty of humerus greate r t ub eros i ty of humerus greater t ub eros i ty of humerus medial lip of bicipi tal groov e of humerus lesser t ub eros i ty of humerus Nerve supply axillary nerve Suprascapular nerve axillary nerve Lower subscapular nerve uppe r & l o wer subscapular nerves Action 1- Anterior fibers : flexion & medial rotation of humerus. 2- Middle fibers : abduction of humerus from 15-90°. 3- Poster i or fibers : lateral rotation of humerus & extension. 1- Supraspinatus : abducti on of humeru s fro m ° - 15°. 2 - I nfraspinatus : lateral rotation of humerus. latera l rotati on of humerus extension, adduction & media l rotati on of humerus media l rotati on of humerus

17. Summary Muscles of shoulder region: Origin: scapula I n serti o n : humeru s Action: move humerus (SHOULDER JOINT) Nerve supply: anterior rami of spinal nerves through brachial plexus Rotator cuff: 4 muscles in scapular region surround and help in stabilization of shoulder joint (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis). Shoulder joint: 1-Type: synovial, ball & socket 2-Articular surfaces: head of humerus & glenoid cavity of scapula Stability: depends on rotator cuff Relations: rotator cuff and axillary nerve Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial & lateral rotation

18. MCQ’s 1. a) b) c) Which of the following muscles has similar actions to latissimus dorsi ? Teres major S u b scap u l aris Teres minor 2. Nerve supply of subscapularis by: a) b) c) A x ill ar y n erv e Upper and lower subscapular nerve Only lower subscapular nerve 3. Which is false about the shoulder joint? a) b) c) Is not stable because humerus head is 3x larger than glenoid cavity Relies on support from the rotator cuff Is a hinge joint with biaxial movement 4. Which of the following rotator cuff muscles is most susceptible to injury? a) b) c) Infraspinatus S u p rasp i n atu s Teres minor 5. All of the following relate posteriorly to the shoulder joint except… a) b) c) S u b scap u l aris Infraspinatus Teres minor 6. Name the bursae related to to the shoulder joint. 7. What is the function of the bursae. 8. Name the muscles responsible for medial rotation of the shoulder joint. Answers: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A Subscapularis bursa, infraspinatus bursa, subacromial bursa They reduce friction between the tendons, joint capsule and bones. Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Anterior fibers of deltoid, and subscapularis SAQ