Lecture 3 Introduction to Ophthalmic Dispensing.pdf

The history of ophthalmic dispensing, pioneers

1. Historical Perspective Of
Ophthalmic Dispensing
INTRODUCTION TO ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS
CREDIT : Class of 2026
GROUP 1 Regular
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2. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the presentation, you should
know;
•The history and importance of
Ophthalmic Dispensing
•Pioneers and contributors of Ophthalmic
Dispensing.
•Their impact in the health professions
space.
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3. THE HISTORICAL
PERSPECTIVE OF
OPHTHALMIC DISPENSING
Pioneers, Innovations, and Impact
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4. Historical Timeline
•13
th
century: Introduction of early reading stones,
precursors to modern eyeglasses
•17th century: Beginnings of corrective lenses made
from glass
•18th century: Benjamin Franklin pioneers Bifocal
Lenses
•Mid-19th century: Hermann von Helmholtz
invents the Ophthalmoscope
•1862: Snellen introduces the Standardized Eye Chart
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5. •19th Century: Introduction of adjustable nose pads and
temple arms for eyeglass comfort.
•20th century: F. Dowling advances Contact Lens
Technology
•1950s-1960s: Plastic lenses become popular for their
lightweight properties.
•1960s-1970s: Development of progressive lenses for
multifocal correction.
•1970s-1980s: Transition from glass to plastic lenses
becomes widespread.
Historical Timeline
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6. •1980s-1990s: Introduction of anti-reflective coatings.
•Late 20th Century: Advancements in lens materials,
including high-index and polycarbonate options.
•21st Century: Emergence of digital lens designs and
personalized eyewear solutions.
•Presents: Ophthalmic dispensing continues to evolve
with digital tools, personalized lens options, and
telemedicine services
Historical Timeline
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7. 13
th
century
•Introduction of early
reading stones.
•Visionaries and craftsmen
of the time contributed to
the development of these
rudimentary tools
•The introduction of reading
stones laid the foundation
for the evolution of
eyeglasses
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8. •Early reading stones were
polished, semi-transparent
objects that, when placed
over written material,
magnified text.
•This innovation aided those
with difficulties in reading
and viewing small details.
13
th
century
8

9. 17th century
•Introduction of Corrective
Lenses Made from Glass
• a significant advancement
in vision correction
occurred with the
introduction of corrective
lenses made from glass.
•Artisans, craftsmen, and
inventors contributed to the
development of these early
corrective lenses.
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10. 17th century
•These lenses could address
nearsightedness (myopia)
and farsightedness
(hyperopia).
•The meticulous grinding
and shaping of glass
allowed for the creation of
lenses that could bend light
in specific ways to correct
common refractive errors.
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11. 18th century: Benjamin Franklin
•a polymath and inventor
•made a remarkable
contribution to vision
correction
• invention of bifocal lenses.
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12. •Franklin's bifocal lenses
featured two distinct optical
segments within a single lens,
allowing individuals to have
clear vision for both reading
and distant activities.
•The introduction of bifocal
lenses eliminated the need to
switch between different pairs
of eyeglasses for varying tasks,
offering enhanced
convenience and versatility.
18th century: Benjamin Franklin
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13. Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894)
•Renowned Physiologist and
Physician
•Pioneer in Ophthalmic
Innovation
•Contribution: Invented the
Ophthalmoscope in 1851
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14. Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894)
•Ophthalmoscope: Instrument for
Viewing the Retina
•Enabled Direct Examination of the
Eye's Interior
•Revolutionary Advancement in
Diagnosing Eye Conditions
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15. Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894)
•The Ophthalmoscope:
•Illuminating Insights
•Unveiled Hidden
Abnormalities within the
Eye
•Transformed the Way Eye
Diseases Were Detected
•Laid the Foundation for
Modern Ophthalmic
Diagnostics
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16. Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894)
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17. 17

18. Dr. Herman Snellen (1834-1908)
•He was a Dutch
ophthalmologist
•Contribution: Developed
the Standardized Eye Chart
in 1862
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19. The Snellen Chart as the Standard for Visual Acuity
Testing
•The Snellen Chart quickly
gained recognition as the gold
standard for measuring visual
acuity.
•Its design, featuring
progressively smaller letters or
symbols, allowed clinicians to
precisely determine a person's
ability to see fine details at
various distances.
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20. The Snellen Chart
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21. The Snellen Chart
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22. 19th Century
•Introduction of Adjustable
Nose Pads and Temple
Arms for Eyeglass Comfort
•Innovators in eyewear
design and craftsmanship
contributed to the
development of these
enhancements.
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23. 19th Century
•The introduction of
adjustable nose pads
allowed for personalized fit
and reduced pressure on the
nose bridge, improving
overall comfort.
•Temple arms with flexible
hinges provided a secure fit
and reduced discomfort
behind the ears.
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24. 20th Century: F. Dowling
•Pioneer: Advancements in
contact lens technology.
•Innovation: Contributions
to modern contact lens
design and materials.
•Impact: Improved comfort
and accessibility of
corrective lenses.
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25. 20th Century: F. Dowling
•His contributions have
transformed vision
correction options, offering
individuals an alternative to
traditional eyeglasses with
improved comfort and
visual performance.
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26. 1950s - 1960s
•a significant shift occurred
in eyewear materials with
the rise of plastic lenses.
•Plastic lenses gained
popularity due to their
lightweight properties
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27. 1960s-1970s
•Development of progressive
lenses for multifocal
correction.
•Progressive lenses offered a
seamless transition between
different vision zones,
providing clear vision for
varying distances without
the visible line of bifocals.
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28. 1970s-1980s:
•Transition from glass to plastic
lenses becomes widespread
•Plastic lenses offered numerous
advantages, including being lighter
in weight, more impact-resistant,
and less prone to shattering
compared to glass lenses.
•Improved Comfort and Safety
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29. 1980s-1990s:
•Introduction of anti-reflective
coatings.
•Anti-reflective coatings reduced
glare, reflections, and halos on
the lens surface, providing
clearer and more comfortable
vision.
•The introduction of anti-
reflective coatings enhanced the
cosmetic appearance of
eyeglasses by minimizing
distracting reflections on the
lenses.
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30. Late 20th Century
•Advancements in lens
materials, including high-index
and polycarbonate options.
•High-index lenses offered
improved optical performance
with thinner and lighter lenses,
reducing the weight and
thickness of eyeglasses.
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31. 21st Century
•Emergence of digital lens
designs and personalized
eyewear solutions.
•Digital lens designs utilized
sophisticated algorithms
and computer-aided design
to optimize visual
performance and reduce
aberrations
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32. •Personalized eyewear solutions
considered individual lifestyle,
visual needs, and preferences,
leading to more customized
and comfortable eyewear.
•The advent of digital lens
designs and personalized
solutions improved visual
comfort, reducing issues like
digital eye strain and
maximizing visual clarity.
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21st Century

33. INSTRUMENTS USED
IN OPHTHALMIC
DISPENSING

34. PHOROPTER
•Used to measure a
patient's refractive
error and
determine the
appropriate
prescription for
glasses or contact
lenses.

35. AUTO REFRACTOR
•Measures the
refractive error of
the eye quickly and
automatically,
assisting in
determining the
initial prescription.

36. LENSOMETER
•Measures the
power of existing
eyeglasses to verify
their accuracy and
prescription.

37. PUPILOMETER
•Measures the size of
the pupils, aiding in
fitting eyeglasses and
determining the
appropriate pupillary
distance.

38. KERATOMETER
•Measures the
curvature of the
cornea, helpful for
fitting contact
lenses and
diagnosing corneal
conditions.

39. SLIT LAMP
•A microscope
equipped with a
bright light source,
used to examine
the front structures
of the eye, such as
the cornea, iris, and
lens.

40. RETINOSCOPE
•Helps determine a
patient's refractive
error by evaluating
the reflection of
light from the
retina.

41. TRIAL FRAME
•Used to hold trial
lenses in front of a
patient's eyes to
finalize their
prescription.

42. TONOMETRY DEVICE
•Measures
intraocular
pressure, aiding in
diagnosing and
monitoring
conditions like
glaucoma.

43. IMPORTANCE OF OPHTHALMIC
DISPENSING
•Accurate Vision Correction
•Prevention of Eye Conditions
•Increased Safety
•Addressing Special Needs
•Early Detection of Eye Conditions
•Optimal Eye Health
•Enhancing Quality of Life
•Customized Solutions

44. IMPACT OF OPHTHALMIC DISPENSING IN
HEALTHCARE AND EDUCATION
EDUCATION
•Training Healthcare
Professionals
•Academic Performance
•Attention And
Concentration
•Inclusive Education
44
HEALTH
EARLY DETECTION
AND TREATMENT
PREVENTIVE CARE
SCREENING
PROGRAMS
ENHANCED
HEALTHCARE
ACCESS
HEALTHCARE

45. CONCLUSION
Ophthalmic dispensing is crucial for
ensuring optimal eye health, vision
correction, and well-being for individuals
of all ages.