Lecture 4_seed treatment to enhance.pptx

seed treatment is very important to enhance seed production in the field by improving the seed qualities attributes

1. Lecture 4: Seed treatment

2. Seed treatment Seed treatments such as: seed priming, upgrading, disinfection, seed coating/dressing , application of active ingredients and additives contribute very much for: uniform germination and early stand establishment, protecting seeds and seedlings from soil borne diseases and insect pests. As a result there is increase in crop productivity per hectare.

3. Goal of seed treatment Care for an undisturbed, controlled crop development in the seedling stage. An undisturbed controlled crop development needs: An sufficient crop rotation system A optimal soil structure Optimal grow stimulators / fertilizers Protect the crop against pest and root diseases in seedling stage Seed Treatment

4. Care for an undisturbed, controlled crop development in the seedling stage because! Crops, which are disturbed in the development “Stress”, are more susceptible to diseases and pests and are insufficient in plant development in the seedling stage. Consequently the final yield will be low Seed treatment

5. A strong crop development in a seedling stage means: an excellent root development increasing of green material (leaves and stems) for a strong photosynthetic Increasing of the yield potential! Seed treatment

6. Seed treatment technologies Priming Upgrading Disinfection Seed Coating Application of Actives & Additives 6

7. UPGRADING 7

8. What is Upgrading? Process to separate the seeds with the best germination quality from those with less germination quality. 8

9. Why do Upgrading? To improve the seed lot quality characteristics Increase useable plants Original seed Selected seed Rejected seed 9

10. Advantages of Upgrading Higher seed quality More useable plants Improved uniformity Better plant stand More efficient use of space Cost reduction Increased yield Seed added value ! 10

11. Advanced technologies e.g. Chlorophyll sorting Liquid density separation X-ray sorting How to do Upgrading? Basic cleaning technologies Calibration on shape, size and weight Mechanical density separation Color sorting Various others, using texture, roundness. … ( Westrup ) ( Incotec ) 11

12. Liquid Density Separation Seeds are placed in a liquid with known density; Seeds with a higher density than the liquid will sink; By varying the density of the liquid a number of fractions can be distinguished per sample; ( Hoopman Engineering ) 12

13. Chlorophyll sorting Unripe seeds have more chlorophyll than ripe ones Unripe seeds have lower germination capacity Only when seed coat is translucent E.g. Cabbage, pepper ( SeQso ) 13

14. X-ray sorting Insight into the interior structures Combination with priming Flat seeds Based upon >50 datapoints Raw seed Primed seed 14

15. PRIMING 15

16. What is Priming ? Process under highly controlled conditions that allow the start of the germination phase but that limit actual root elongation; In priming one factor limiting for germination; Common priming based on water limitation; In priming growth regulators may be used; After priming seeds can be dried back; Shelf life related to priming intensity; 16

17. Why do Priming ? Improve uniformity of germination Increase speed of emergence Overcome all kinds of dormancies e.g. Photo dormancy, Thermo dormancy Original lot After seed priming 17

18. How to do Priming ? Most common priming technologies: Osmo -Priming Control of water through osmotic active solution (e.g. PEG) Solid Matrix Priming Control of water by absorbing particles Hydro (Drum) Priming Control of water by accurate dosing 18

19. Advantages Priming Better plant stand ( optimal and adverse conditions ) More useable plants Improved uniformity More efficient use of space Cost reduction Earlier and more unform yield Increased yield Seed added value ! 19

20. DISINFECTION DISINFECTION 20

21. What is disinfection ? P rocess in which seeds are exposed to treatments that reduce or eliminate micro-organisms (e.g. fungi, bacteria) in/on the seed; 21

22. Why do disinfection ? Seed-borne diseases can stop or slow down germination or emergence of seeds ; Seed-borne diseases lead to weak diseased plants with stunted growth and poor yield ; Clean seeds will help to lower disease in fields ; Control Disinfected 22

23. How to do disinfection? Eradication of seed transmitted pathogens: Chemical Hot water UV Ozon Electron beam Hot humid air Accelerated electron beam treatment (dry) 23

24. ThermoSeed Disinfection Spinach cold blotter test ThermoSeed control ThermoSeed TM technology is a patented disinfection process using hot humid air (very effective against seed-borne fungi and several bacteria); Intensity treatment 20 40 60 80 20 40 60 80 100 Min Max % ---- = Infection level = Germination 24

25. Advantages of ThermoSeed Highly accurate seed-to-seed treatment intensity Effective against wide range of seed borne diseases Wide range of crops , both vegetable and field crops Treatment from 10 gm to 15ton/hr No chemicals Organic treatment Decreased seed dust Seed added value ! 25

26. SEED COATING

27. What is Seed Coating ? Basis coat, Weight increase 0.2-2% Complete film coat, Weight increase 3-20% Encrusting Weight increase 30-500% Mini pill , Weight increase 100-2500% Standard pill , Weight increase 1500-10000% Onion Lettuce 27

28. Why do Seed Coating ? Improved planting ability Optimal micro-climate Carrier for Actives & Additives Accurate rate and distribution of actives and additives Improved and safe handling actives and additives Cosmetic appearance 28

29. Why Polymer ? ...Commercial To have attractive appearance To create brand image by specific color One time Coating – Life time coating 29

30. Seed Coating Objectives – Release property Without Polymer With Polymer Leaching loss No loss of a.i 30

31. Why treat seed with actives? Optimal control of pests/diseases Very efficient use of chemical a.i . Cost savings Low environmental impact Human safety Improve yield Protect natural predator population 31

32. How to do Encrusting & Pelleting? Encrusted Onion Rotary Coater Lettuce pellet Coating Pan 32

33. How to do Film Coating ? Without With Drying -High rates -Simultaneous drying - Low rates - Medium rates (Post-drying) Rotary coater Pan coater 33

34. State-of-Art Film Coating Rotary Dry Coater Film Coating with simultaneous drying (Seed Processing Holland) 34

35. Seed Fungicide 1 Coating layer Fungicide 2 Coating layer Insecticide Finishing layer Color Seed Pelleting Layer Applications 35

36. Advantages Coating Improved handling Fast and accurate planting ( distance , depth ) Optimal plant stand Optimal carrier Actives & Additives Sustainability , Accuracy , Seed safety , Stability , Release Better yield in quality and quantity Added value to seed ! 36

37. APPLICATION of ACTIVES and ADDITIVES 37

38. What are Actives & Additives ? A&A are seed applied substances or micro-organisms which give a improved germination, emergence and/or plant stand and development with a better final yield in quantity and/or quality; A&A can be chemical, natural, biological; Major groups of A&A: Actives = registered Plant Protection Products Additives = Growth Stimulants, Elicitors, Nutrients, etc.. PPP- formulations 38

39. Growth Stimulators 39

40. Why apply Actives & Additives ? Protect plants against fungi and insect pests Increase resistance to stress ( drought , moist , salt ) Improve root and plant growth Obtain increased and better quality yield Seed added value ! Control GS712 Control EL250 Drought Stress 40

41. How to apply Actives & Additives ? Depending on : Mode of action Rate Compatibility with other actives and additives Commercial product form Options : Priming Film coat Pellet Film Coat Pellet 41

42. Filmcoating: Polymer Plus lines Genius Coat ® Yield increase under suboptimal conditions Stress tolerance- ellicitors for genes for root development and stess tolerance Extensive root development 42

43. User friendly – broadcast application in seedling stage is not necessary Possibility to combine growth stimulator with insecticide or fungicide in one seed coating Additives are always active at the right dosage at the right place, where the plant needs the protection. 100 % of the additives are available only where the seeds / seedlings develop. Treatment is always present, independent of weather circumstances Crop is protected from sowing onwards Prospects and benefits of seed coating in direct seeded seeds (1)

44. Reduction of the use of pesticides in seedling stage of about 95% Use of pesticide in a coating does not have any negative impact on the predators of the insect pests Control insects by seed coating protect the crop against virus diseases. E.g. Thrips , white fly are transmitters of several viruses. Prospects and benefits seed coating…