Lecture No. 6- Agroforestry Systems W-23.pdf

Agroforestry Systems

1. 11
INTRODUCTIONTOVARIOUS
AGRO-FORESTRYSYSTEMS
HAFIZ MASOOD AHMAD
Lecturer
Department of Forestry & Range Management
University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Lecture No. 6

2. WHAT IS AGRO-FORESTRY
Agro-Forestry: The art and science of growing
trees and farmcrops on the same piece of land
either side byside or one after the other in the
best interest ofsite and man is known as Agro-
Forestry.
Agro-Forestry is producing 9 times more fuel
wood and 6 times more timber than Govt./State
Forest.
Area of farm forest can easily be increased by 5
times in Pakistan with normal inputs

3. Anintegratedlanduseapproach(including
variouscombinationsofAgricultureandForestry)
forobtainingmaximumpossiblebenefitsfroma
unit areaoflandisknownasAgro-Forestry
System
Agro-ForestrySystem is a land use system that
integrates trees, crops and animals in a way that is
scientifically sound, ecologically desirable,
practically feasible and socially acceptable to the
farmers.
AGROFORESTRYSYSTEMS

4. Integrated Land Use: Blending together various
land uses of farm fields scientifically to ensure
maximum quantity improved quality and
increased variety of farm products on sustained
basses is known as Integrated Land Use.
Agro-Forestry Technology: refers to an
innovation or improvement, usually through
scientific intervention, to either modify an
existing system or practice, or develop a new
one.
INTEGRATEDLANDUSE

5. Silviculture: Thescienceand artofestablishing,
tending andperpetuatingadesiredtreecropis
called Silviculture.
ItistoForestryasAgronomyistoAgriculture in
thatitisconcernedwiththetechnologyof crop
production
Silviculture is the most important branch of
Forestry that deals with tree production
SILVICULTURE

6. SOME CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF
AGRO-FORESTRY
Agro-forestry is a collective name for land use
systems involving trees combined with crops and
animals on the same unit of land.
Agroforestry combines/provides production of
multiple outputs on sustained basis
In Agroforestry, emphasis is given on the use of
multipurpose indigenous trees and shrubs along
with crops and animals

7. SOME CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF
AGRO-FORESTRY
Agroforestry is particularly suitable for low-input
conditions and fragile environments
It involves the interplay of social and cultural
values more than in most other land-use systems
Agroforestry system is structurally and
functionally more complex than monoculture
system
Agroforestry has more ability to mitigate climate
change than any other land management system

8. ATTRIBUTES OFAGRO-FORESTRY
SYSTEMS
There are three attributes which, theoretically,
all agroforestry systems possess, these are:
Productivity
Sustainability
Adoptability

9. ATTRIBUTES OFAGRO-FORESTRY
SYSTEMS
Productivity: Most, if not all, agroforestry
systems aim to maintain or increase production
(of preferred commodities as well as productivity
(of the land).
Agroforestry can improve productivity in different
ways. These include: increased output of tree
products, improved yields of associated crops,
reduction of cropping system inputs, and
increased labour efficiency.

10. ATTRIBUTES OFAGRO-FORESTRY
SYSTEMS
Sustainability: By conserving the production
potential of the resource base, mainly through the
beneficial effects of woody perennials on soils,
agroforestry can achieve and indefinitely maintain
conservation and fertility goals.
Agroforestry Systems can bring sustainability in
tree production as well as in crop and animal
production.

11. ATTRIBUTES OFAGRO-FORESTRY
SYSTEMS
Adoptability: The word “adopt” here means
“accept” and it may be distinguished from
another commonly used word adapt, which
implies “modify” or “change.”
Agroforestry had already been accepted by the
farming community.
However, the implication here is that improved or
new agroforestry technologies that are introduced
into new areas should also conform to local
farming practices.

12. POTENTIAL OFAGRO-FORESTY
The different aspects in which agroforestry hold
viable potentials to meet the demands of ever-
growing human and livestock population, are as
follows:
Meeting the demand of food, Timber & fodder
Water conservation
Fuel wood and energy
Shelter from trees
Raw material for industries
Cash benefits

13. POTENTIAL OFAGRO-FORESTY
Increased yield and maximized production
Diversified products
Utilization of wasteland and degraded land
Employment opportunities
Carbon sequestration services and its influence on
climate change
Potential reduction in the rate of deforestation
Improved soil health
Agroforestry as a habitat for wild species

14. COMPONENTS OFAGRO-FORESTY
SYSTEMS
There are five components of Agro-ForestrySystem
Land
Woody perennials
Agriculturalcrops
Animals
Humanbeing

15. TYPESOFAGRO-FORESTRY SYSTEMS
1.Agri-Silviculture System
2.Silvo-PastoralSystem
3.Agri-Silvi-PastoralSystem
4.Horti-Silvi-PastoralSystem
5.Agri-Silvi-Horti-PastoralSystem

16. The practiceofgrowingagriculturalcropsand
trees on the same piece of land at the same time is
knownas Agri-SilvicultureSystem e.g.
Popular+wheat
Shisham+Sorghum
Eucalyptus+Mustard
Simal+SugarCane
ItisthemostpopularAgro-ForestrySystem
ofPakistan.
AGRI-SILVICULTURESYSTEM
(Agriculture+Silviculture)

17. SILVO-PASTORALSYSTEM
(Silviculture+PastureFarming)
The practiceof growingtreesandpasture/range
plantsonthe samepiece oflandatthesametime
isknownas Silvo-PastoralSysteme.g.
Kikar+KallarGrass
Kikar+BluePanicGrass
Jaman+RhodesGrass
RearingofAnimalsisanessentialcomponent of
thissystem.

18. AGRI-SILVI-PASTORALSYSTEM
(Agriculture+Silviculture+PastureFarming)
Thepracticeofgrowingagriculturalcrops,trees
andpasture/rangeplantsonthesame pieceof
landatthesametime isknownasAgri-Silvi-
Pastoral Systeme.g.
Wheat+Kikar+ KallarGrass
Wheat+Poplar+MotGrass
Sorghum+ Shahtoot+ DhamanGrass
Thissystem canbe most efficientif managed
properly.

19. DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF
TREE SPECIES FOR AGROFORESTRY
Tree species selected should not interfere with
soil moisture
Tree species should not compete for plant
nutrients
Tree species should not compete for sunlight
Tree species should have high survival rate and
easy establishment
Tree species should have fast growing habit and
easy management

20. DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF
TREE SPECIES FOR AGROFORESTRY
Tree species should have wider adaptability
Tree species should have high palatability as a
fodder
Tree species should have shelter conferring and
soil stabilization attributes
Tree species should have capability to withstand
management practices
Tree species should have nutrient cycling and
nitrogen fixation attributes

21. DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF
TREE SPECIES FOR AGROFORESTRY
Tree species should have thin bark
Tree species should be free from chemical
exudations
Tree species should have easily decomposable
leaves
Tree species should have their multiple uses
Tree species should have high yield potential
Tree species should have high economic value

22. DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF
AGRICULTURAL CROPS FOR
AGROFORESTRY
Agricultural crops should be short duration and
quick growing.
They should be some what tolerant to shade.
Most of them should belong to Fabaceae
(legume) family.
They should respond well to high density tree
planting.

23. DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF
AGRICULTURAL CROPS FOR
AGROFORESTRY
They should bear some adverse conditions, like
water stress and/or excess of watering
Crops should return adequate organic matter to
soil through their fallen leaves, root system,
stumps, etc.
Crops should appropriately be fitted in intensive
or multiple cropping system

24. WoodyTrees
Shisham(Dalbergiasissoo)
Kikar(Acacianilotica)
Siris(Albizzialebbek)
Sohanjna(Moringaoleifera)
Poplar(Populusdeltoides)
Neem(Azadirachtaindica)
Bakain(Meliaazadarech)
Simal(Bombexceiba)
Arjun(Terminaliaarjuna)
Sufeda(E. camaldulences)
TREESSUITABLEFORAGROFORESTRY

25. Fruit Trees
Mango(Mangiferaindica)
Jaman(Syzygiumcumini)
Ber(Zizyphusmauritiana)
Mulberry (Morusalba)
Guava(Psidiumguajava)
Peach (Prunuspersica)
Fig (Ficuscarica)
Kinnow(Citrus reticulata)
Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera)
Falsa(Grewiaasiatica)
TREESSUITABLEFORAGROFORESTRY