Lecture notes innate immunityLecture notes innate immunity

innate immunity

1. Immunity Immunity : refers to all : refers to all
mechanisms used by the body mechanisms used by the body
as a protection against as a protection against
environmental agents that are environmental agents that are
foreign to the body. Immunity foreign to the body. Immunity
can be divided in to; Innate can be divided in to; Innate
and Acquired. and Acquired.

2. Innate, Natural, Non-specific immunityInnate, Natural, Non-specific immunity ::
AA- Anatomical barriers; skin, mucus membrane, - Anatomical barriers; skin, mucus membrane,
cilia.cilia.
BB- Physiological barriers; Temperature (fever).- Physiological barriers; Temperature (fever).
CC- Chemical barriers; low PH in stomach, - Chemical barriers; low PH in stomach,
lysozyme ( protein lysing enzyme present in lysozyme ( protein lysing enzyme present in
saliva, mucus and tears), Acute phase proteins saliva, mucus and tears), Acute phase proteins
like C-reactive proteins, complement.like C-reactive proteins, complement.
DD- Inflammatory response; The entry of microbes - Inflammatory response; The entry of microbes
in to the body and replicate called (infection). The in to the body and replicate called (infection). The
infected tissue induce a complex sequence of infected tissue induce a complex sequence of
events collectively called (inflammatory events collectively called (inflammatory
response). response).

3. That lead to dilatation of blood That lead to dilatation of blood
vessels (vasodilatation), that allows vessels (vasodilatation), that allows
more blood to flow (RED). more blood to flow (RED).
Plasma and leukocytes leak out Plasma and leukocytes leak out
through the gaps in to the infected through the gaps in to the infected
tissue (ODEMA).tissue (ODEMA).
The flow of the blood in to the The flow of the blood in to the
injured site lead to increased the injured site lead to increased the
temperature (FEVER).temperature (FEVER).

4. E- Phagocytic mechanisms; is the E- Phagocytic mechanisms; is the
ingestion or engulfment of particular ingestion or engulfment of particular
matter by the cells( Neutrophils, matter by the cells( Neutrophils,
monocytes, macrophage, monocytes, macrophage,
Eosinophils, and Basophils)Eosinophils, and Basophils)

5. Characteristic features of Innate Characteristic features of Innate
immunity;immunity;
1-Non-specific.1-Non-specific.
2-Present at the time of birth.2-Present at the time of birth.
3-Act as first line of defense.3-Act as first line of defense.
4-Dose not become more efficient.4-Dose not become more efficient.
5-Have no memory.5-Have no memory.