Lecture1- the self in various perspective

philosophy of self

1. THE SELF IN VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES P hilosophy

2. Learning Objectives Discuss the diverse representation and conceptualization of self using different disciplines and perspectives. Demonstrate a critical and reflective thinking in evaluating the development of self and identity.

3. The “butt – hurt generation Where everyone is offended by everything; and if they’re not, they try to be.

4. Generation Alpha 2013 - 2025

5. “ Hayaan mo silang mag – habol sayo ” - ExB 2018

6. Ikaw , ano bang ultimate “ Hugot ” mo ?

7. Agree or Disagree? We create an illusion of the self.

8. Know Thyself Question Everything Only the Pursuit of Goodness Bring Happiness Socratic Method: Question and Answer; Leads Students to think for Themselves An unexamined life is not worth living SOCRATES

9. Tripartite Soul The Rational part desires to exert reason and attain rational decisions (RULING CLASS) The Spirited part desires supreme honor (MILITARY CLASS) The Appetite part of the soul desires bodily pleasures such as food, drink, sex, etc . (COMMONER) PLATO

10. Contributed the foundation of both symbolic logic and scientific thinking The best way to gain knowledge was through “natural philosophy,” which is what we would now call science . Happiness, which is dependent in an individual’s virtues, is the central purpose of human life and a goal in itself. “Happiness depends in ourselves” ARISTOTLE

11. An important figure in the development of Western Christianity His philosophy of man brings together wisdom of the Greek philosophy and the divine truths contained in the scripture. The absolute and immutable is the Living God, the Creator of the entire universe. To love God means to love one’s fellowmen, and to love one’s fellowmen means never to do any harm to another. “Do unto others, what you want others do unto you” ST. AUGUSTINE

12. The Self is defined as a subject that thinks . The self that has full competence in the powers of human reason. Having distanced the self from all sources of truth from authority and tradition, the self can only find its truth and authenticity within its own capacity to think. “The fact that I am doubting, cannot be anymore open to doubt” RENE DESCARTES

13. John Locke

14. Personal identity is a matter of psychological continuity . Personal identity (or the self) is founded on consciousness. Identity over time is fixed by awareness of the past. Locke posits an “empty” mind, a tabula rasa, which is shaped by experience, and sensations and reflections being the two sources of all our ideas . “Our concept of personal identity must derive from inner experience” JOHN LOCKE

15. A wise man proportions his belief to the evidence. -David Hume

16. He rejects the notion of identity over time. There are no “persons ” that continue to exist over time, there are merely impressions. DAVID HUME Challenge: Try to think about your “self .” According to Hume, you cannot. Or, when you do, the only things you are thinking about are individual impressions or perceptions of your self. “The self is a bundle of impression”

17. Consciousness is the central feature of the self. The consciousness is divided into : 1 . Internal Self - composed of psychological states and informed decisions; remembering our own state, how can we combine the new and old ideas with our mind 2 . External Self - made up of ourselves and the physical world where the representation of objects IMMANUEL KANT

18. The child is the father of a man. --Sigmund Freud

19. The self continues from childhood to adulthood Personality is determined by childhood experiences Personality is largely unconscious Structure of the Self Id: animalistic self; pleasure principle Ego: executive self; reality principle Superego: conscience; morality principle SIGMUND FREUD

20. I made it, and so I am.

21. Rejects the theory that mental states are separable from physical states. He concluded that adequate descriptions of human behavior need never refer to anything but the operations of human bodies His form of Philosophical Behaviorism (the belief that all mental phenomena can be explained by reference to publicly observable behavior ) became a standard view for several decades . He argued that philosophers do not need a "hidden" principle to explain the supra-mechanical capacities of humans, because the workings of the mind are not distinct from the actions of the body, but are one and the same. GILBERT RYLE

22. His work is commonly associated with the philosophical movement called existentialism and its intention to begin with an analysis of the concrete experiences, perceptions, and difficulties, of human existence . Consciousness, the world, and the human body as a perceiving thing are intricately intertwined and mutually " engaged”. Our perception of the self is a collection of our perceptions of our outside world. MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY