Lecture8 international style

Architecture history 2

1. INTERNATIONAL STYLE

2. The International Style is the name of a major architectural
style that is said to have emerged in the 1920s and 1930s
Common characteristics
•Rectilinearforms
•Light, extended plane surfaces that have been completely
stripped of applied ornamentation and decoration
•Openinterior spaces
•A visually weightless quality produced by the use of
cantilever construction
•Glass and steel, in combination with usually less visible
reinforced concrete
International Style provided an easily achievable style
option for vast-scale urban development projects

3. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

4. Frank Lloyd Wright
•Born as Frank Lincoln Wright
•June 8, 1867 –April 9, 1959
•American architect, interior designer, writer, and
educator.
•Designed more than 1,000 structures, 532 of which
were completed.
•Believed in designing structures that were in harmony
with humanityand its environment.
•Philosophy called organic architecture.
•best exemplified by Fallingwater(1935)
•called "the best all-time work of American
architecture"

5. •His work includes many building types
•Offices
•Churches
•Schools
•Skyscrapers
•Hotels
•museums.
•Also designed many of the interior elements of his
buildings
•furniture
•stained glass.
•Was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of
Architects as "the greatest American architect of all
time"
“Do not try to teach design. Teach Principles.”

6. •Character of Works
•Strong easterninfluences
•Use of natural material, bricks, stone and
wood
•Use of textured concrete
•Designs that blend well in its environment
•Focused more on residentialdesigns.
RobieHouseYodoko Guest House

7. Prairie style
Characteristics
•A broad, overhanging roof
•Horizontal window bands.
•A free plan developed around a central chimney
•Low proportions (not very high), which was related to the ground.
•Gently sloping roof. All these formed the characteristic features of
domestic architecture.
Prairie style helped to form a new language in architecture.
1.The open plan : the development of the plan of the house which
had a plenty of open spaces separated from one another by simple
architectural devices instead of partitions, walls or doors.
2.The integrationof building with nature
3.This helped Frank Lloyd Wright to develop the concept of organic
architecture.

8. RobieHouse

9. Organic architecture
•Architecture should reflectnatureand exhibit the same
amount of unity as prevails in nature.
•Grew from the ideas of his mentor, Louis Sullivan
“Form Follows Function.”
•Frank argued “FORM AND FUNCTION ARE ONE .”
•Strives to integrate space into a unified whole
•Frank was not concerned with architectural style because
he believed that every building should grow naturally
from its environment.

10. •Frank defined organic architecture as that in which all the
parts are related to the whole and the
whole is related to the parts.
•To explain the concept of unity in nature, the
architect used a living organism as an example:
•Harmony of the part in relation to the
whole.
•The parts are made according to the
function of the organism.
•The form of the organism decides the
character of the organism.
•Applying these concepts , his building designs emphasize
the following principles:
•Integration of parts to the whole.
•Design of parts controls the design of the
whole.

11. Use of materials in organic architecture
•Wright had a deep knowledge of and a lot of respect for
natural materialssuch as wood and stone.
•In his works, these materials were always used in the
natural form, by allowing for instance, the use of masses of
stone as the natural feature of the building.
Emil Bach House

12. Frank Lloyd Wright’ Works
FallingwaterPennsylvania

13. Frank Lloyd Wright’ Works
FallingwaterPennsylvania

14. Frank Lloyd Wright’ Works
FallingwaterPennsylvania

15. Frank Lloyd Wright’ Works
Taliesin In Spring Green

18. Frank Lloyd Wright’ Works
Frank Lloyd Wright Home And Studio

19. Frank Lloyd Wright’ Works
Frank Lloyd Wright Home And Studio

20. Frank Lloyd Wright’ Works
Frank Lloyd Wright Home And Studio

21. Frank Lloyd Wright’ Works
Hollyhock House

22. Frank Lloyd Wright’ Works
Hollyhock House

23. Frank Lloyd Wright’ Works
Price Tower Bartlesville

24. Frank Lloyd Wright’ Works
Price Tower Bartlesville

25. LE CORBUSIER

26. Le Corbusier
•Charles-édouardJeanneret-gris
•October 6, 1887 –august 27, 1965)
•Swiss-frencharchitect, designer, painter, urban planner,
writer
•One of the pioneers of what is now called modern
architecture.
•Le corbusierwas influential in urban planning

27. Five points of architecture
•Pilotis(provides structural support)
•Free façade (non-supporting walls that could be
designed as the architect wish)
•Ribbon window (allow unencumbered views of the
large surrounding.)
•Roof terrace (compensate for the green area
consumed by the building and replacing on the roof.)
•Open floor plan (floor space was free to be configured
into room without concern for supporting walls.)

29. Modulor
•Used the goldenratioin his Modulor
system for the scale of architectural
proportion.
•Le Corbusier based the system on human
measurements, Fibonacci numbers, and the
double unit.
•Le Corbusier's 1927 Villa Stein in Garches
exemplified the Modulorsystem's
application. The villa's rectangular
ground plan, elevation, and inner
structure closely approximate golden
rectangles.
•Le Corbusier placed systems of harmony
and proportion at the centre of his design
philosophy

30. Le Corbusier’ Works
Villa Stein in Garches

31. Le Corbusier’ Works
Villa Stein in Garches

32. Le Corbusier’ Works
Villa Savoye

33. Le Corbusier’ Works
Villa Savoye

34. Le Corbusier’ Works
Villa Savoye

35. Le Corbusier’ Works
Villa Savoye

36. Le Corbusier’ Works
Notre Dame Du Haut

37. Le Corbusier’ Works
Notre Dame Du Haut

38. Le Corbusier’ Works
Notre Dame Du Haut

39. Le Corbusier’ Works
Notre Dame Du Haut
http://www.learn.columbia.edu/360/ro
nchamp_360/

40. Le Corbusier’ Works
Ville Radieuse

41. Le Corbusier’ Works
Ville Radieuse

42. LUDWIG MIESVAN DER
ROHE

43. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
•March 27, 1886 –august 17, 1969
•German-americanarchitect.
•Regarded as one of the pioneers of modern
architecture.
•Sought to establish a new architectural style that could
represent modern times
•Glasswas an expression of the current age of
industrialism
•Made use of modern materialssuch as industrial steel and
plate glass to define interior spaces.
•Created an influential twentieth-century architectural style,
stated with extreme clarity and simplicity. “Less is
more”
•He called his buildings "skin and bones" architecture for
their emphasis on steel structure and glass enclosure.
Seagram Building

44. Character of works
•Simple rectangularforms.
•Open, flexible plans and multi-functional spaces
•Widespread use of glassto bring the outside in.
•Mastered steel and glass construction
•Exposedand very refined structural details.
Concept of fluid space
•Architecture should embody a continuous flow
of space
•Blurring the lines between interior and exterior.
•The use of glass compatiblewith this
philosophy
•The glass provides enclosure, but does
not diminish the architectural idea of a
series of perpendicular planes
beneath a flat roof.

45. Mies van der Rohe’ Works
Barcelona Pavilion

46. Mies van der Rohe’ Works
Barcelona Pavilion

47. Mies van der Rohe’ Works
Farnsworth House Plano Il

48. Mies van der Rohe’ Works
Farnsworth House Plano Il

49. Mies van der Rohe’ Works
Farnsworth House Plano Il

50. Mies van der Rohe’ Works
Farnsworth House Plano Il

51. Mies van der Rohe’ Works
Farnsworth House Plano Il

52. Mies van der Rohe’ Works
Seagram Building

53. Mies van der Rohe’ Works
Seagram Building

54. Mies van der Rohe’ Works
Crown Hall

55. Mies van der Rohe’ Works
Crown Hall

56. Mies van der Rohe’ Works
Crown Hall

57. WALTER GROPIUS

58. Walter Adolph Georg Gropius
•18 May 1883 –5 July 1969
•German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School
•Widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of
modern architecture.
•Believed that all design should be functional as well as
aesthetically pleasing.
Fagus Factory

59. Character of works
•Simple geometry, often rectangular.
•Use of modern materials (steel and glass)
•Smoothsurface
•Primary colors
•Linearand horizontalelements
Bauhaus

60. Walter Gropius’ Works
Fagus Factory

61. Walter Gropius’ Works
Fagus Factory

62. Walter Gropius’ Works
Gropius House

63. Walter Gropius’ Works
Gropius House

64. Walter Gropius’ Works
Gropius House

65. Walter Gropius’ Works
Bauhaus Building

66. Walter Gropius’ Works
Bauhaus Building

67. Walter Gropius’ Works
Bauhaus Building

68. GOOD STORY CREATE GOOD
DESIGN