Leguía´s eleven year rule - El oncenio de Leguía

Information about the eleven year rule of the peruvian president Augusto Leguía

1. Leguía´s eleven year rule “ The new homeland ” (1919-1930)

2. AUGUSTO BERNARDINO LEGUÍA (1863-1932) He was born in Lambayeque. In his youth he pursued mercantile studies in Chile and participated in the defense of Lima during the War of the Pacific.
A very skilled businessman, he made his fortune in the sugar industry and in the insurance sales sector.
He ventured into the business world with marked success. In Lima, New York and London, either as an exporter or representative of multinational companies.
He began his political militancy in the Civil Party. He was Minister of Finance and Commerce in the government of Manuel Candamo . Later, he was President of the cabinet of ministers in the first José Pardo y Barreda government.
He was president of Peru during the years 1908-1912. 2

3. EL ONCENIO DE LEGUÍA “LA PATRIA NUEVA” (1919-1930) A civic-military dictatorship that promoted a restructuring of the state.
He governed for 11 years through re-elections. 3

4. CAUSES There was no power to confront him.
After World War I, our exports (non-modernized farms) fell.
There was an economic crisis of Civilism .
Social movements (peasants, workers, students) are sharpening.
Crisis of the political parties: Civil (in decline), Democratic ( Piérola died in 1913) and the Constitutional ( Cáceres was old). 4

5. BACKGROUND The elections of 1919 in which Leguía and Aspíllaga participated.
Leguía's coup d'état called "El Cuartelazo" (Supported by Cáceres) took place.
The parliament continued to be civilist.
Leguía dissolved Parliament.
Leguía declared himself provisional president and convened a National Assembly.
Leguía was named president. 5

6. STAGES a) First "Populist Demagagogic" Stage (1919-1922): He applied an anti-civil policy.
b) Second Stage (1923-1930): The development of the dictatorship took place. 6 During the Eleventh Century, American capital displaced English capital.

7. "THE NEW HOMELAND" End of the civil oligarchy.
Democratization of the state.
Economic modernization. 7

8. ECONOMY Dependence on the United States through the policy of borrowing:
-For the payment of the debt.
-Maintenance of bureaucracy (salaries).
-Cover the fiscal deficit.
-The lender J.W. Selimang from the United States appears. He asks for customs and international reserves as a guarantee. 8

9. U.S. borrowing policy
U.S. investment primarily in the mining sector: International Petroleum Company I.P.C.
The Cumberlang economic mission arrived.
State banks were created:
-Reserve Bank in 1922.
-Agricultural Credit Bank (promote agro-exports).
- Central Mortgage Bank (to lend to landowners).
The Crash of 1929 occurred in the United States. 9

10. POLITICS Leguía presented himself as the standard-bearer of all popular causes and called himself the " Huiracocha ":
-Tacna and Arica
-Indianism.
-Reform in the government. 10

11. POLITICS Constitution of 1920. -Replacing the constitution of Ramón Castilla of 1860 (53 years in force).
-Jurist: Mariano H. Cornejo.
-He increased the presidential term from 4 to 5 years.
-He recognized and protected the indigenous communities.
Immediate presidential re-elections were prohibited. *Constitutional amendments. Leguía was re-elected in 1923 and 1927. 11

12. THE CENTENNIAL OF INDEPENDENCE (1921) Unveiling of the statue to General José de San Martín in July 1921.
The Government Palace was lit with electric light. 12

13. Gifts from the colonies:
-Japanese Colony: Monument to Manco Cápac (1926).
-Chinese colony: Fountain in the square of the Parque de la Exposición (1924).
-Colonia Inglesa: First National Stadium of Lima (1923).
-Colonia Alemana: Clock Tower of the University Park (1923). He played the anthem at noon.
-Italian Colony: Museum of Italian Art (1924).
-Colonia Francesa: The Statue of Liberty in the Recoleta square.
-Colonia Española: Arco de la Amistad, a Moorish arch that was located in the first blocks of Arequipa Avenue.
In Ayacucho, María Parado de Bellido and Marshal Antonio José de Sucre were remembered. 13