Leprosy

Leprosy

1. OPTOM FASLU MUHAMMED

2. A Day in the Patient’s Life
Mother Teresa
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3. •Leprosy is an infectious disease
•derived from the French work "leper"
and from the Greek word "lepros“
•
•which means scaly, referring to the
scales that form on the skin

4. •disfiguring skin sores
•nerve damage
•progressive debilitation

5. Alternative Name of Leprosy
•Hansen's disease

6. Types of Leprosy
•Tuberculoid
•Lepromatous
Both types of leprosy produce lesions on
the skin
Lepromatous is most severe which
produces large disfiguring nodules.

7. WHO classifications
•Indeterminate leprosy
-a few hypopigmented macules;
- can heal spontaneously
•Tuberculoid leprosy
- a few hypopigmented macules ,
- (lose pain sensation
-nerves become enlarged

8. •Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
-lesions like tuberculoid leprosy
-numerous with less nerve enlargement
• Mid-borderline leprosy
-many reddish plaques
-swollen lymph nodes

9. Borderline lepromatous leprosy
• many skin lesions with macules (flat
lesions) papules
•(raised bumps),
•
•plaques, and nodules,

10. Lepromatous leprosy
•Early lesions are pale macules
•Alopecia (hair loss
•often patients have no eyebrows or
eyelashes
•and limb weakness

11. •disfigurement of many areas including
the face

12. Causes of Leprosy
•Mycobacterium leprae
•rod-shaped bacilli
•grow slowly
•mainly affect the skin, nerves, and
mucous membrane

13. TRANSMISSION
Person to Person:
•spreads through infected respiratory
droplets
•can infect others by entering breaks in the
skin.
•cannot infect intact skin

14. Signs & Symptoms of Leprosy
•Eye Problems
•Muscle Weakness
•Skin Rash
•Skin Stiffness

15. •Skin lesions that are lighter than your
normal skin color
–Lesions have decreased sensation to
touch, heat, or pain
–Lesions do not heal after several weeks to
months
•Numbness or absent sensation in the
hands, arms, feet, and legs

16. Diagnosis of Leprosy
•question about patient's symptoms,
• current medical condition,
• and medication etc.
•doing a test called a skin biopsy.
•Lepromin skin test can be used to
distinguish lepromatous from
tuberculoid leprosy

17. Skin scraping examination for acid fast
bacteria
•When special stains are used for
microscopic analysis, it stains red on a
blue background due to mycolic acid
content in its cell walls

18. Complications of Leprosy
•Cosmetic Disfigurement
•Muscle Weakness
•Nerve Damage in the Extremities
•Sensory Loss in the Skin

19. OCULAR MANIFESTATION
•lagophthalmos,
• loss of eyebrows,
• corneal exposure
•keratitis
•uveitis
•scleritis
• loss of sensation with corneal
ulceration with scarring.

20. Treatments of Leprosy
•Treatment of leprosy typically involves
medicines along with supportive care
•Supportive care is aimed at treating
symptoms and associated
complications

21. •A number of different antibiotics are
used to kill the bacteria that causes the
disease.
•Aspirin, prednisone, or thalidomide are
used to control inflammation

22. PREVENTION
•Avoiding  physical contact with
untreated people
•People who are in immediate contact
with the leprosy patient should be
tested for leprosy.
•Annual examinations

23. •Comprehensive care involves teaching
patients to care for themselves.
•Physiotherapy exercises are taught to
the patients to prevent the deformities
from worsening