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1. Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Lesson 3 Various Contemporary Art Forms

2. Learning Objectives: Identify various contemporary art forms from Pre-Colonial Art period to Contemporary Period Appreciate various contemporary art forms from Pre-Colonial Art Period to Contemporary Period Present a form of integrated contemporary art chosen by the learner

3. Create your own graphic organizer by defining the following concepts: CONTEMPORARY ART & ART FORMS. After illustrating your graphic organizer, explain and analyse it.

4. To understand contemporary art forms, you need to revisit the Philippine Art aesthetic timeline from most primal to its contemporary form. Below are the highlights of the History of Philippine Arts:

5. Philippine Art Timeline Highlights PRE COLONIAL ART PERIOD (6185BC – 1520 AD) Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) Age of Horticulture/ Neolithic Period Metal Age Iron Age Flake Tools https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) Espinosa Ranch Site, Cagayan 16000-8000 BC The proof of earliest man’s presence was recovered from a ranch site in Cagayan Province-two flake tools dated about 9 million years, the oldest man-made object associated with the fossils of a proboscidean, a prehistoric elephant. Other flake tools are recovered in Tabon Caves, Palawan and some stone tools in Bolobok Cave, Sanga-Sanga in Tawi-Tawi . Shell Bracelets and Pendants (Neolithic) Shell Bracelets and Pendants (Neolithic) Cagayan, Palawan, and Sorsogon 4854 BC Shells were fashioned into tools, as well as ornaments. The oldest known ornaments made from cone shells were found in the early 1960’s in the grave of an adult male in Duyong Cave in Palawan. A shell disk with a hole in the center was found next to his right ear and a disk with a hole by the edge was found on his chest. The shell ornaments were dated 4854 B.C.

6. Agono Petroglyphs Agono Petroglyphs are oldest known work of art in the Philippines located in the province of Rizal. There are 127 human and animal figures engraved on the rockwall probably carved during the late Neolithic (3000 BC) . Lingling-o Lingling-o (2000 BC – 1000 AD) Duyong Cave, Palawan, a kind of ear pendant fashioned from green nephrite (jade) is the characteristic trait of the Early Metal Age. One of the finest jade ornaments found to date is the double- headed pendant recovered from Duyong Cave, Palawan. It is an example of the superb craftsmanship of ancient carving in jade.

7. Manunggul Jar is a burial jar excavated from a Neolithic burial site in Manunggul cave of Tabon Cave at Lipuun Point at Palawan dating from 890–710 B.C. Maitum Jar Maitum Jar (Metal Age: 190 BC to 500 AD) In 1991, the National Museum archaeological team discovered anthropomorphic secondary burial jars in Ayub Cave , Barangay Pinol , Maitum , Sarangani Province, Mindanao, Philippines.

8. Okir is a design or pattern often rendered or curved in hardwood, brass, silver and wall painting in curvilinear lines and Arabic geometric figures. The Okir Motif is an art depicting the indigenious originality and skill of the Maranaos . It is a fine art of figuring, painting, curving and sculpturing depicting the social and psychological identity of Maranao Society. It is being patronized long time ago, until today and possibly in the coming generations of Maranao people.

9. Pre-colonial traditional art has religious symbols, every day activity such as fishing, farming, etc., or a specific decorative art pattern to the community. • It has either the influence of local religion (animistic) or Islamic based. • There is also an exchange of art aesthetics and art processes with Chinese and other Asian countries who frequent as traders with our indigenous groups. Baybayin is a Tagalog ancient script also known in Visayan as badlit . It is derived from Brahmic scripts of India and first recorded in the 16th century. It continued to be used during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines up until the late 19th century.

10. Sarimanok Other Pre Colonial Art Pottery Weaving Tattoo Jewelry Carving Metal Crafts

11. (1521-1898) Byzantine frescoes Introduced formal Painting, Sculpture and Architecture which was inspired by the Byzantine, Gothic, Baroque and Rococo art styles. • Most artworks are Religious (Catholic) based • Artworks bear the Philippine themed décor even with Spanish influence SPANISH COLONIAL ART PERIOD

12. Langit, Lupa at Impierno Josef Luciano Byzantine Painting Style: The style is defined by devotional, Christian subjects depicted in angular forms with sharp contours, flattened color and gold decoration. These are more Christian-based art. Focuses on religious expression Uses complicated

13. San Agustin Church in Manila Baroque Art Derived from the Portuguese barroco , or “oddly shaped pearl” It describes an extravagant art style characterized by curving lines, gilt, and gold. Extravagant settings and ornamentation. Dramatic use of color. Dramatic contrasts between light and dark, light and shadow.

14. Gothic architecture is characterized by its pointed arches, ribbed vaults, slender columns, and flying buttresses. It often features ornate stone carvings, stained-glass windows, and significant heights, in the form of spires and towers.

15. Rococo Art originated in early 18th century Paris, is characterized by whimsical , curvy lines and elaborately decorative style of art, whose name derives from the French word 'rocaille' meaning, rock-work after the forms of sea shells.

16. AMERICAN COLONIAL ART PERIOD (1898-1946) The American brought in Education and Values Formation, with both following the “American way of life” (Alice Guillermo, Sining Biswal, 1994, p. 4) • The American colonial period brought modernism and the establishment of art schools in the Philippines • Painting themes still largely favored Genre Paintings, Landscapes and Still Life. Portraits are reserved for high ranking officials with a more academic approach to make the subject more formal. The White House-Neoclassicism

17. JAPANESE COLONIAL PERIOD (1941 to 1945) In this era, the Philippines is in a state of tragedy whereas suffering, and war are inevitable. Artists are still allowed to make artworks such as paintings and songs but these things must undergo scrutiny from the Japanese Government. Most of the themes of the artworks’ are propaganda portraying Japan to be a great one, and aesthetics about war, destruction, and the normal lives of the Filipinos. Marketplace during the Occupation by Fernando Amorsolo

18. POST WAR (1946 to 1969) The Philippines gained independence from the Japanese and Americans; it also flourished the Philippine literature during this era. This era was also known as the “Recovering Era”, this is where Filipino literature was given a break and had the time to transitioned from American style to modern style. The post-war event had an impact to influence new literary themes with its new symbolism and communication modes. This was the time that Filipinos learned to express themselves more confidently and proudly Sungka Players by Vicente Manansala

19. CONTEMPORARY (1970-present) Art of this century reflects the Philippines’ concoction of Modern and Post-modern art which blends to the society’s current issues and concepts. Contemporary artists continue to morph and reframe notions of art through a multifaceted range of experimental mediums and practices used to express collaborative and innovative works to the public. Party Animal by Ronald Ventura

20. Damian Domingo Father of Filipino Painting: DAMIAN DOMINGO First Filipino to paint his face, the first Self-Portrait in the Philippines • Founder of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura, the first school of drawing in the Philippines (1821) • One of the known artists of the decorative art illustrations, watercolor paintings that depict local costumes. It also became an album of different native costumes.

21. Juan Luna y Novicio was a Filipino painter, sculptor and a political activist of the Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century. • His Spoliarium won the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo One of the greatest Filipino painters along with fellow painter Juan Luna in the 19th century • His work has a touch of Romanticism and aesthetics of the Neoclassicism Juan Luna & Felix Hidalgo

22. NOTABLE ARTIST: FABIAN DELA ROSA • The brightest name in Philippine painting after Luna and certainly the leading Master of Genre in the first quarter of the century.

23. NOTABLE ARTIST: FERNANDO AMORSOLO • A portraitist and painter of rural landscapes. He is best known for his craftsmanship and mastery in the use of light. • His art styles: Impressionism, Luminism, Realism with subjects inspired by Philippine genre and historical, nudes and society portraits • First awardee of the National Artist Award in 1972

24. NOTABLE ARTIST: GUILLERMO TOLENTINO • Won The National Artist Awards for Sculpture in 1973 • He is consider as the "Father of Philippine Arts" because of his great works like the famous "Bonifacio Monument" symbolizing Filipinos cry for freedom and "The Oblation" in UP signifying academic freedom.

25. CARLOS “BOTONG” FRANCISCO

26. NAPOLEON ABUEVA

27. VICTORIO EDADES

28. VICENTE MANANSALA

29. CESAR LEGASPI

30. HERNANDO OCAMPO