lesson 1.1 theories on the origin of the universe.pptx

origin of the solar system

1. Earth and Life Science

2. Ear th Sc ience

3. Universe and the Solar System

4. Objectives: State the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the universe. Describe the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the solar system.

5. Where does the Universe come from?

6. Magic Dust Huge Explosion Atomic Particles

7. THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE

8. Beliefs According to Religion Greek Philosophers (5 th – 3 rd Century B.C.E) Modern Philosophers

9. Beliefs According to Religion Christians Hindus

10. The narrative from Genesis, one of the book of Hebrew bible and Christian old testaments, how light describe God separated from darkness, created the sky, land, sea, moon, stars, and every living creature in span of six days.

11. Beliefs According to Religion Christians – They believed that God separated light from darkness, created sky, land, sea, moon, stars, and every living creature in a span of six days . –A narrative from Genesis (Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament).

12. Beliefs According to Religion: Christians 1 st day 2 nd day 3 rd day 4 th day 5 th day 6 th day

13. Beliefs According to Religion: Christians 1 st day – light was created 2 nd day – the sky was created 3 rd day – dry land, seas, plants and trees were created 4 th day – the Sun, Moon and stars were created 5 th day – creatures that live in the sea and creatures that fly were created 6 th day – animals that live on the land and finally humans, made in the image of God were created 7 th day – God finished his work of creation and rested, making the seventh day a special holy day.

14. Beliefs According to Religion Hindus – Rigveda (collection of Vedas ), describes the universe as a “ cosmic egg ” or BRAMANDA . – Meaning it contains the whole universe including the sun, moon, planets, and space. – Bindu is the concentrated point that expands and eventually collapses again.

15. Greek Philosophers (5 th – 3 rd Century B.C.E) Anaxagoras Leucippus and Democritus Stoic Philosophers

16. Anaxagoras – “ primordial universe ” –According to him, universe is made up of different mixture of all ingredients in a small fragment. –Mixture was set in motion called “nous” or mind . –T his whirling motion shifted and separated the ingredients on cosmos of separate material objects .

17. Leucippus and Democritus “ atomic universe ” They stated that universe is composed of very small, indivisible and indestructible atoms .

18. Stoic Philosophers of Ancient Greece Universe is like a giant living body, with sun and the stars as the most important parts to which all the other parts are interconnected.

19. Modern Philosophers

20. Modern Philosophers Rene Descartes – The vacuum of space was not empty at all but was filled with matter that swirled around – His model involved a system of huge swirling whirlpools of fine matter producing what would later be called gravitational effect .

21. Isaac Newton – Described the universe as a static, steady state infinite universe. (Principia book) – Matter on the large scale is uniformly distributed and the universe is gravitational balanced but essentially unstable.

22. Albert Einstein – Explained the universe by his theory of relativity that has a same thought with Isaac Newton. – Added a cosmological constant to his general theory of relativity equations to counteract the dynamical effects of gravity , which will be caused of the universe to collapse .

23. George Henri Joseph Edouard Lemaitre – Big Bang Theory (1927) – Theory describes the universe as originating from an infinitely tiny, infinitely dense point of around 14 billion years ago . The oscillating universe followed general theory of relativity equations of the universe with positive curvature. This curvature results in the universe expanding for a time and then contracting due to pull of its gravity in a perpetual cycle of big bang followed, in time, by big crunch.

24. Edwin Hubble – 1929, showed that universe was n ot static through his telescope.  He demonstrate the continuously expanding universe through his observation of galactic redshifts.

25. Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson – 1965, discovered the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. – The Big Bang Theory has been the mainstream scientific view.

26. Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold and Herman Bondi – Steady State Theory – predicted a universe that expanded but did not change its density.

27. Andrei Linde – developed inflationary universe with his chaotic inflation theory in 1983. – states that our universe is just one of many “ bubbles ” that grew as part of a multiverse.

28. Check point: In your opinion, which of the theories do you believe the most? What is the fate of the universe? Will the universe continue to expand or will eventually contract because of gravity?

29. End of the lesson