Lesson 1.2 Origin of the Solar System.ppt

The Origin of the Solar System

1. GOOD AFTERNOON
SPACE EXPLORERS!

9. -is located within the Milky Way Galaxy
-is located about 25,000 light-years to the galactic
center and 25,000 light-years away from the rim.
-revolves around the galactic center once in about
240 million years
-4.6 billion years old

10. Large Scale Features of the
Solar System
1. Much of the mass (99.85%) of the Solar System is
concentrated at the center (Sun) while angular
momentum is held by the outer planets.

11. Large Scale Features of the
Solar System
2. Orbits of the planets are on the same plane and
elliptical
3. All planets revolve around the sun.

12. Large Scale Features of the
Solar System
4. The periods of revolution of the planets increase
with increasing distance from the Sun.

13. Large Scale Features of the
Solar System
5. All planets are located at regular intervals from the
Sun.

14. Small Scale Features of the
Solar System
1. Most planets rotate prograde.
Mercury 0° Venus 177° Earth 23° Mars 25°
Jupiter 3° Saturn 27° Uranus 98° Neptune 30°

15. Small Scale Features of the
Solar System
2. Terrestrial planets have:
high densities
thin or no atmospheres
rotate slowly
rocky materials such as silicates, iron , and
nickel of high melting points
poor in ices(H
2
O, NH
3
, CH
4
) and lower
contents of H, He, and noble gases

16. Small Scale Features of the
Solar System
3. Jovian Worlds have:
low densities
thick atmospheres
rotate rapidly
many natural satellites
fluid interiors, rich in ices, H/He
4. Most of outer Solar System objects are ice-rich.

17. ACTIVITY
PLANETS OF THE
SOLAR SYSTEM

18. ORIGIN OF THEORIGIN OF THE
HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS

19. NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS
-proposed by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel
Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1700s
“A rotating cloud of gas and dust that cools and
contracts in the middle to form the sun and the
rest into a disc that become the planets.”

20. NEBULAR
HYPOTHESIS
b. Condensation of primordial
dust. Forms disk-shaped
nubular cloud rotating counter-
clockwise.
a. Supernova and formation of
primordial dust cloud.
c. Proto sun and planets begin to form.
d. Accretion of planetesimals
and differentiation of planets
and moons.
e. Existing solar system takes shape.

21. Evidence to support the nebular hypotheses:
1.Planets and moons revolve in a counterclockwise direction.
2.Almost all planets and moons rotate on their axis in a counterclockwise direction.
3.Planetary orbits are aligned along the sun’s equatorial plane.

22. ENCOUNTER HYPOTHESIS
-proposed by Chamberlin and Moulton
“The planets formed from debris torn off the Sun
by a close encounter with another star.”
“That our planets, moons, and sun all spun off
from a collision between stars.”

24. PROTOPLANET HYPOTHESIS
-developed by Carl von Weizsacker and Gerard
Kuiper
“The Solar System begins to form, as a rotating
cloud, or nebula collapses. But instabilities
develop in the nebula causing dust particles to
pull together. Then the dust particles merge into
billions of planetesimals then collide and form
protoplanets. At the center of the nebular disk
the protosun increases in mass and becomes a
star by the process of hydrogen fusion. 

25. RECENT ADVANCEMENT
ON THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Exploration of Mars
Recently, NASA presented evidence of seasonal
flow liquid water (in the form of brine water) on
the surface of Mars.

27. RECENT ADVANCEMENT ON THE
SOLAR SYSTEM
Rosetta's Comet
-67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P or 67P/C-G)
is a Jupiter-family comet and composed of two
lobes, resembling a pair of snowballs stuck
together.
-Rosetta's lander, Philae, touched down on its
surface on 12 November 2014, becoming the first
spacecraft to land on a comet nucleus.

30. RECENT ADVANCEMENT ON THE
SOLAR SYSTEM
Pluto Flyby
-On 14 July 2015, NASA's New Horizon spacecraft
provided mankind the first close-up view of the
dwarf planet Pluto.
-revealed a complex terrain - ice mountains and
vast crater free plains. The presence of crater free
plains suggests recent (last 100 millions of years) of
geologic activity.

34. LONG QUIZ TOMORROW!
Review :
Universe and Solar System