Lesson-1-Communication-Process-Principles-and-Ethics.pdf

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2. COMMUNICATION PROCESS, PRINCIPLES,
AND ETHICS
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should
be able to:
1. Describe the nature, elements and
process and characteristics of
communication ;
2. Increase awareness on
communication ethics resulting
conscientious and respectful
interactions; and
3. apply the gained knowledge through
class exercises.

3. A. The Communication Process
1. The Nature of Communication
2. Elements of Communication
B. Principles and Characteristics
of Communication
C. Ethics in Communication
DISCUSSION TOPICS:

4. What are the common
barriers/noise you encounter
when you communicate
with others?
DID YOU KNOW THAT…

5. ➢It is derived from the Latin “communicare”, which
means to share or belong to many.
➢Communication is a human act of sending and
receiving of messages where interpretations are
normally constructed in the process.
➢Communication is the interaction of words from a
society and thus gives pleasure and an increased
understanding of life.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: COMMUNICATION

6. ➢It is an intentional communication that happens
within the bounds of specific contexts.
➢It is communication applied in a specific setting,
environment, scene, social relations and culture
Contextaffects the process of sending and receiving
of messages; semanticsor meanings, channel, words
and methodsof delivery.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

7. Contextincludes:
1.Settings or environment –family, school, workplace,
religious communities
2.Social relationships –friends, husband and wife,
parent child, colleagues/boss-subordinate in the
office
3.Sceneswhich include place, time and occasion –
business meeting, job interview, social gathering –
parties, weddings, etc.)
4.Culture–history, tradition, beliefs, norms, values.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

8. It is a process whereby people create and transmit
meaning through the exchange of verbal and
nonverbal messages in particular context (Oetzel,
2009:11).
DISCUSSION TOPICS: COMMUNICATION AS A PROCESS

9. 1.Sender-source of idea (WHO)
2.Message-idea being communicated (WHAT)
3.Channel-the medium (HOW)
4.Receiver-destination of the idea (TO WHOM)
5.Feedback-effect of the received idea (SO WHAT)
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

10. 1.Sender-source of idea (WHO)
Senders should possess the skills required in the
transmitting messages. It includes the appropriate
language use and language features like grammar,
phonetics (spoken message), choice of words or jargons,
sentence construction, and discourse competence.
Sender’s credibility is of great importance too, in
communication.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

11. 2. Message-idea being communicated (WHAT)
For message to be accurately understood and
positively received the FIVEC’s in Communication
maybe followed:
✓Courtesy
✓Clarity
✓Conciseness
✓Concreteness
✓Completeness
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

12. FIVE C’s in Communication
1. Courtesy-also known as politeness.
✓using polite words and tone to show respect to the
receiver of the message;
✓applying tact and diplomacy;
✓developing the “WE” attitude using positive words
instead of negative;
✓being considerate of the feelings of the receiver;
✓selecting gender-free terms; and
✓responding promptly to important messages.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

13. FIVE C’s in Communication
2. Clarity
✓may involve correct word usage, grammar,
pronunciation, sentence construction and delivery.
✓messages which are unclear oftentimes do not
achieve their desired effect.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

14. FIVE C’s in Communication
3. Conciseness
✓lengthy messages can result in information
overload and overwhelm listeners/readers of
messages.
✓conciseness is saying what needs to be said in as
few words as possible.
✓avoid flowery words.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

15. FIVE C’s in Communication
4. Concreteness
✓It refers to being specific.
✓To demonstrate concreteness, providing examples
whenever necessary makes a message more
comprehensible.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

16. FIVE C’s in Communication
5. Completeness
✓To avoid ambiguity, messages should not leave
out important details that a receiver expects to
know such as answers to the What, Who, Where,
When, Why and How questions.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

17. 3. Channel-the medium (HOW)
The choice of channel may depend on the
availability, practicality, and its impact on the receiver.
Channels can be:
✓Telephone
✓Radio
✓Television
✓Printed texts (books, newspapers, magazines,
journals, posters, etc.)
✓Communication technologies (smart phones,
tablets, computers)
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

18. 4. Receiver-destination of the idea (TO WHOM)
✓Must have good listening and comprehension skills
✓Eliminate all possible distractions or noises.
✓Types of noise (physical, environmental,
psychological, emotional)
✓Sharpness of cognition through continuous studies
and acquisition of information and knowledge.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

19. 5. Feedback-effect of the received idea (SO WHAT)
✓Messages in communication will always have an
effect onthe receiver.
✓Some messages trigger positive reactions or
negative ones depending on the messages relayed,
how it is communicated and how it is interpreted.
✓Hence, it is important to know the feedback of your
audience/s (listener/reader) to make the necessary
clarifications about your message, if the need arises.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

20. Communication: Barriers and Noise
✓Noise and barriers in communication maybe due to
environment, physical, psychological and emotional
conditions.
✓It can also be differences in language, gender, and
culture.
✓For effective communication, these barriers/noise
should be mitigated or if possible, eliminated.
✓Gender and culture differences as communication
barriers however can be more challenging to
control and could not be eliminated.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

21. What are the common
barriers/noise you encounter
when you communicate
with others?

22. ETHICSa system of moral principlesdeals with
values relating to human conduct, with respect to the
rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the
goodness and badness of the motives and ends of
such actions.
COMMUNICATION ETHICS are the principles
governing communication, the right and wrong
aspects of it, the moral-immoral dimensions relevant
to Interpersonal communication. It is also called the
Ethics of Interpersonal Communication.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ETHICS IN COMMUNICATION

23. 1. Adhering to the golden rule or the platinum rule.
✓The golden rule asserts to always treat others in
the same way you want to be treated
✓While the platinum rule according to Bennett
(1980) stresses on treating others the way they
wish to be treated.
Ethical communicators address people of other
cultures with the same respect that they would like to
receive themselves (Jandt, 2013:37).
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ETHICS IN COMMUNICATION

24. 2. Considering the feelings of the receiver.
✓Humans are not only cognitive but also emotional
beings.
✓If we are less careful with or words, tone, and non-
verbal gestures, people could be negatively
affected.
✓To be ethical in communicating with others, it will
be best to maintain tact and diplomacy in our
communications.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ETHICS IN COMMUNICATION

25. 3. Acknowledging the source of ideas & information.
✓Sources of ideas and information should be
acknowledged appropriately at all times.
✓It is unethical and unlawful for someone to convey
other people's intellectual property without
recognizing the author's names or organizations.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ETHICS IN COMMUNICATION

26. 4. Speaking the truth.
✓This is a universal rule. Unfortunately, there are
also those who (for whatever reason) seem to
enjoy propagating falsehood.
✓Take for instance the abundance of fake news or
what others call alternative facts on the Internet.
✓Obviously, this is a violation of communication
ethics and should be stopped by all means.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ETHICS IN COMMUNICATION

27. 1.Language or Code
2.Not Listening
3.Overconfidence, egoism, complacency
4.Information Overload
5.Insufficient information
6.Difference in thinking/perceptions, beliefs, and prejudice
7.Life positions: essentiality of proper mindset
8.Physical Environment
9.Inarticulateness
10.Disorganized communication
11.Lack of empathy
12.Too ahead of audience understanding
DISCUSSION TOPICS: PROBLEMS IN COMMUNICATION

28. 1.Intrapersonal
2.Interpersonal
3.Organizational
4.Inter-organizational
DISCUSSION TOPICS: LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION

29. 1.Language or Code
2.Not Listening
3.Overconfidence, egoism, complacency
4.Information Overload
5.Insufficient information
6.Difference in thinking/perceptions, beliefs, and prejudice
7.Life positions: essentiality of proper mindset
8.Physical Environment
9.Inarticulateness
10.Disorganized communication
11.Lack of empathy
12.Too ahead of audience understanding
DISCUSSION TOPICS: PROBLEMS OF COMMUNICATION

30. 1. Reinforcement-the amount of redundancy non-verbal
communication adds to the verbal message.
2. Substitution-using a non-verbal action or cue instead
of speaking.
3. Contradiction-the use of a non-verbal message to
negate the verbal message.
4. Accentuation-the use of non-verbal cues to intensify
the verbal message.
5. Regulation-the turn taking cues of conversational
order.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: FUNCTIONS OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION

31. 1. Communication is schemata-driven.
It uses background knowledge or information.
2. Communication is an interpretative act.
The only person who knows the intended message
transmitted is the sender/speaker.
3. Communication does not guarantee a direct or
automatic link between two minds.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

32. 4. Communication is active, powerful, or forceful.
5. Communication is symbolic.
-It uses signs, symbols or marks like letters (alphabet),
words, sentences and even pictures to convey information.
6. Communication always results in something.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

33. 4. Speaking the truth.
✓This is a universal rule. Unfortunately, there are
also those who (for whatever reason) seem to
enjoy propagating falsehood.
✓Take for instance the abundance of fake news or
what others call alternative facts on the Internet.
✓Obviously, this is a violation of communication
ethics and should be stopped by all means.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ETHICS IN COMMUNICATION

34. Do you have
any questions?

35. Instructions:
Form a group consisting of 5 members. Choose one of
the four Communication Ethics. Then, create a role
play depicting: (1) violation of the target
communication ethic; and (2) solution to address the
violation of communication ethic.
It will be presented in the next session.
DISCUSSION TOPICS: ASSIGNMENT