Lesson 1. INTRODUCTION TO ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE.pdf

Enterprise Architecture is a strategic framework that describes the structure and operation of an entire organization.

1. INTRODUCTION TO
ENTERPRISE
ARCHITECTURE
LESSON 1

2. What is
Enterprise
Architecture
Is a strategic framework that
describes the structure and
operation of an entire
organization.
It provides a blueprintshowing
how business functions,
information, applications, and
technology fit together so the
organization can operate
efficiently, adapt to change, and
achieve its goals.

3. History of Enterprise Architecture
•Organizations began using mainframe
computers to support business
processes.
•IT systems were isolated and
uncoordinated, making integration
difficult.
•The concept of Information Systems
Architecture emerged to describe how
technology should support business
operations.
Early Foundations (1960s–1970s)
•John Zachman at IBM introduced the
Zachman Framework for Information
Systems Architecture (published in
1987).
•Considered the birth of modern EA, it
provided a structured way of describing
an enterprise using perspectives
(planner, owner, designer, etc.) and
aspects (data, function, network, etc.).
•It shifted thinking from technology-centric
views to a holistic enterprise view.
Zachman Framework (1987)

4. History of Enterprise Architecture
•Governments and large organizations
began adopting EA to manage
complexity.
•The U.S. federal government created the
Federal Enterprise Architecture
Framework (FEAF) to standardize IT
across agencies.
•The Department of Defense introduced
DoDAF(Department of Defense
Architecture Framework) for military
systems integration.
•EA evolved from documenting IT systems
to aligning business strategy with IT.
1990s –Expansion of EA
•The Open Group developed TOGAF(The
Open Group Architecture Framework),
one of the most widely used EA
frameworks worldwide.
•EA matured into a discipline with
methodologies, modeling languages (like
ArchiMate), and tools.
•EA became central to governance,
standardization, and digital
transformation in both private and public
sectors.
2000s –Frameworks and Standards

5. History of Enterprise Architecture
•EA shifted from being IT-focused to being
business-driven.
•Concepts like Business Architecture,
capability mapping, and roadmapping
grew in importance.
•Agile and Lean approaches influenced
EA practices, focusing on flexibility and
faster delivery.
•EA supported cloud adoption, service-
oriented architecture (SOA), and
enterprise integration.
2010s –Business Alignment and Agility
•EA is now a strategic enabler of digital
business models, innovation, and
transformation.
•EA supports cloud-native architectures,
AI, IoT, blockchain, and platform
ecosystems.
•Organizations use EA to improve agility,
manage complexity, and ensure security
and compliance.
•Agile EA and Lean EA approaches
emphasize continuous adaptation rather
than rigid documentation.
2020s –Digital Transformation and Innovation

6. Key Characteristics of
Enterprise Architecture
Looks at the organization
as a whole, not just IT.
1. Holistic View
Ensures business goals and IT
systems work in harmony.
2. Alignment

7. Key Characteristics of
Enterprise Architecture
Uses frameworks (like TOGAF,
Zachman) to represent business
processes, data, applications, and
technology.
3. Blueprints & Models
Sets standards and rules for how
systems are built and integrated.
4. Governance

8. Key Characteristics of
Enterprise Architecture
Provides a roadmap for digital
transformation, mergers, or new
business initiatives.
5. Change Management

9. Main Layers of
Enterprise Architecture
1. Business Architecture
•Defines business strategy,
processes, and
capabilities.
2. Information/Data Architecture
•Manages data, standards,
flows, and governance.
3. Application Architecture
•Describes applications
and their interactions.
4. Technology Architecture
•Outlines IT infrastructure,
networks, cloud, and
platforms.

10. Purpose of
EA
•Align IT investments with
business strategy.
•Improve agility and
adaptability to change.
•Reduce complexity by
standardizing processes
and technologies.
•Enable innovation and
digital transformation.
•Support decision-making
with a clear organizational
roadmap.

11. Example:
Imagine a large
hospital network
Business Architecture: Defines patient
care processes, billing, and HR.
Application Architecture:Outlines
systems like patient portals, scheduling,
and pharmacy apps.
Technology Architecture: Defines the
cloud, servers, networks, and
cybersecurity supporting it all.
Data Architecture:Sets standards for
electronic health records (EHR) and data
privacy.

12. EA vs. IT Architecture vs.
Solution Architecture
•Scope: Entire organization (business + IT).
•Purpose: Aligns business strategy with
technology capabilities.
•Focus: Strategic, long-term planning.
Covers business, data, applications, and
technology.
•Example: A retail chain’s EA defines how
its online store, supply chain systems,
customer data, and cloud infrastructure all
work together to support growth.
1. ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE (EA)
•Scope: The IT infrastructure and platforms
of the enterprise.
•Purpose: Ensures systems are reliable,
secure, scalable, and cost-effective.
•Focus: Networks, servers, cloud, security,
middleware, standards.
•Example: IT architecture defines whether
the organization uses AWS or Azure,
network topologies, cybersecurity
frameworks, and backup systems.
2. IT ARCHITECTURE
(TECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURE)

13. Comparison Table
Aspect Enterprise
Architecture (EA)
IT Architecture Solution
Architecture (SA)
Scope Whole enterprise IT infrastructure &
platforms
One system/project
Timeframe Long-term (strategic)Mid-to-long-term
(operational)
Short-to-mid-term
(tactical)
Focus Business–IT
alignment, roadmaps
Technology standards,
platforms
Solution design &
implementation
Role Enterprise ArchitectIT/Technology
Architect
Solution Architect
Example Digital transformation
roadmap
Cloud & security
architecture
Designing a new
Human-Resource
system

14. Next Topic:
Role of Enterprise Architecture
in Organizations
Thank You