LESSON 2.B ENGLISH 8 - GRAMMAR - SENTECES

This document is about the types of sentences according to use and to its structure.

1. ENGLISH 8 GRAMMAR PRESENTED BY: Mr. James Alexander M. Deza Subject Teacher

2. SENTENCE

3. SENTENCE a SENTENCE is a group of related words expressing a complete thought it has a SUBJECT and a PREDICATE Example: subject predicate owns a beautiful car. Jack

4. KINDS OF SENTENCES ACCORDING TO USE

5. KINDS OF SENTENCES ACCORDING TO USE 1. Declarative Sentence ( a statement ) 2. Impérative Sentence ( a command ) 3. Interrogative Sentence ( a question ) 4. Exclamatory Sentence ( an exclamation )

6. 1. DECLARATIVE SENTENCE A  declarative sentence  is a sentence that states a  fact . Such sentences are simple statements. They state, assert or declare something. Examples: Diego falls in love for the first time. Chrysanthemum is the national flower of Japan. The army declared a war. It states factual information & ends with a period ends with a period

7. 2. IMPERATIVE SENTENCE  An  imperative sentence  gives a command, makes a request, or express a wish. Examples: Go to your room. Please lend me your pen. Have a nice day today. an order a request a wish ends with a period

8. 3. EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE An  exclamatory sentence   expresses sudden and strong feelings, such as surprise, wonder, pity, sympathy , happiness or gratitude. Examples: Oh What a shame! My phone is broken! I can't believe it! it end with an exclamation point expresses emotion & ends with an exclamation point

9. 4. Interrogative sentence An  interrogative sentence  asks a question. Examples: Which do you prefer? Water or coffee? Is he talking to you? Would you like to watch some movie? Asks question & ends with a question mark ends with a question mark

10. A sentence may consist of one clause An independent clause is also called main clause and a dependent clause is also called subordinate clause. (independent clause) (independent and dependent clauses) or more clauses.

11. Kinds of Sentences According to Structure

12. On the basis of numbers of clause and types of clauses present in a sentence, sentences are divided in to four kinds. a. Simple Sentence b. Compound Sentence c. Complex Sentence d. Complex-compund Sentence What are their differences?

13. a. Simple Sentence   A simple sentence consists of  only one independent clause  containing a subject and a  verb  and it expresses complete thought. There is no dependent clause. An independent clause (also called main clause) is called a simple sentence .

14. Examples of simple sentence Grey . is ours. You She is working on his project. will not be coming. That house are so cool. These yellow ones are the SUBJECTS These blue ones are the PREDICATES

15. B. COMPOUND SENTENCE A compound sentence consists of  at least two independent clauses  joined by coordinating conjunctions. There is no dependent clause in compound sentence. Independent clauses can also be joined by a  semicolon  ( ; ). A comma may or may not be used before the conjunction in compound sentence. some coordinating conjunctions are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so  

16. Examples:   I like an apple  I helped him  He failed two times   I asked him a question   but  my brother likes a mango. and  he became happy. yet he is not disappointed. ;  he replied correctly. Sentences are separated by coordinating conjuctions

17. C. COMPLEX SENTENCE A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent clause  joined by subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. that, who, which, whose, whom etc. because, although, since, when, unless etc.

18. You can’t pass the test  unless you study for it. Examples:  I met the boy  who had helped me.  She is wearing a shirt  which looks nice.

19. If a complex sentence begins with an independent clause, a comma is not used between clauses in a complex sentence. If a complex sentence begins with dependent clause then a comma is use after dependent clause in a complex sentence. Examples:   He is playing well although he is ill.             Although he is ill ,  he is playing well.

20. D. COMPLEX - COMPOUND SENTENCE A complex-compound sentence consists of  at least two independents and one or more dependent clauses. It is also sometimes called compound-complex Sentence .

21. Examples: He went to college   and  I went to a market   where I bought a book . I like Mathematics  but  my bother likes Biology              because he wants to be a doctor . In the first sentence of above, there are two independent clauses-“he went to college” and “I went to a market”, and one dependent clause “where I bought a book”.

22. SUMMARY a sentence is a group of words expressing a complete thought. the four types of sentence according to use are: declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory. the four types of sentence according to structure are: simple, compound, complex and complex-compound.

23. Activity #1 kinds of sentences according to use Write each sentence and decide if it is a declarative, exclamatory, interrogative or imperative. 1.Take out the trash. 2.My house is just around the corner. 3.Can you come over after school today? 4.I saw a shooting star! 5.I admire Jack.

24. ACTIVITY #2 KINDS OF SENTENCES ACCORDING STRUCTURE Analyze the following sentences. Identify which are simple, compound and complex sentences, and also the coordinating and subordinating words. 1. The writer of the book thinks that people on welfare are sometimes stigmatized in society. Sentence type: Coordinating / subordinating words:

25. 2. Many citizens are dissatisfied with the government as they are experiencing unprecedented economic difficulties. Sentence type: Coordinating / subordinating words: 3. University chiefs these days spend much of their time on fund-raising and publicity activities. Sentence type: Coordinating / subordinating words:

26. 4. Students need good time management at university since they have numerous classes to attend and extra-curricular activities to take part in. Sentence type: Coordinating / subordinating words: 5. I queued for over an hour at the counter but still could not get a ticket. Sentence type: Coordinating / subordinating words:

27. The end of presentation

28. References: http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/rareer/english-resources/sentence-type-exercises-and-quizzes http://www.studyandexam.com/sentence-types.html Handbook to Better English by World Marketing Corporation