Lesson 2: Ethical Codes for Social and Prof Issues.pptx

Ethical Codes

1. Social & Professional Issues Module 2: Ethical Codes Subtitle: Social & Professional Issues - Module 2 Instructor Name: LESTER R. LADERA, MIT, DM

2. Objectives of the Topic To understand different ethical codes in the field of Information Technology. To apply ethical codes to real-world IT scenarios. To explore cyber laws and their impact on IT professionals.

3. Learning Outcomes (TLOs) Elaborate on different types of ethical codes. Apply ethical codes in Information Technology. Define Cyber laws and their applications.

4. Introduction to Ethical Codes Ethical codes are formal guidelines that dictate professional conduct. They provide a framework for responsible decision-making in professional environments. Used in IT to ensure integrity and accountability.

5. ACM Code of Ethics The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Code of Ethics outlines principles for IT professionals. Core values: Honesty, Fairness, Respect, Confidentiality. Encourages responsible computing practices.

6. ACM Code of Ethics - General Ethical Principles These principles form the foundation of professional conduct and include: Contribute to society and human well-being – Professionals should use computing for social good. Avoid harm – Take precautions to minimize risks, such as data security and privacy concerns. Be honest and trustworthy – Ensure transparency in actions and communications. Be fair and do not discriminate – Treat everyone equally, avoiding bias and discrimination. Respect privacy – Protect personal and sensitive data from unauthorized access. Honor confidentiality – Maintain the privacy of information entrusted to professionals.

7. ACM Code of Ethics - Professional Responsibilities These responsibilities emphasize professional integrity and accountability: Strive for high quality – Ensure accuracy and reliability in computing work. Maintain professional competence – Stay updated with industry knowledge and advancements. Respect intellectual property – Acknowledge others' work and avoid plagiarism. Give credit where it is due – Properly cite sources and recognize contributions. Uphold public trust – Work in a way that maintains credibility and public confidence.

8. ACM Code of Ethics - Professional Leadership Principles These guidelines focus on responsibilities for those in leadership roles: Ensure ethical design and implementation – Leaders must encourage ethical software development. Manage personnel and resources responsibly – Use resources efficiently and ethically. Create opportunities for growth – Support education and career advancement. Encourage ethical behavior – Promote a culture of integrity within teams and organizations.

9. ACM Code of Ethics - Compliance with the Code Adhere to the principles – Follow ethical guidelines in all professional dealings. Report violations – Take action when unethical practices occur. Accept accountability – Take responsibility for one's actions in computing-related activities.

10. IEEE Code of Ethics Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) also provides an ethical framework. Focuses on professional responsibility, avoiding conflicts of interest, and prioritizing public welfare.

11. IEEE Code of Ethics - Public Safety and Welfare Prioritize the safety, health, and well-being of the public in professional decisions. Avoid actions that could harm individuals, society, or the environment. Report any unsafe or unethical activities

12. IEEE Code of Ethics - Honesty and Integrity Act with truthfulness and transparency in all professional dealings. Avoid misrepresentation of data, research, or project outcomes. Give proper credit for the work of others and do not engage in plagiarism.

13. IEEE Code of Ethics - Fairness and Non-Discrimination Treat all individuals with fairness and respect, regardless of race, gender, or background. Avoid bias or discrimination in hiring, promotion, or any professional setting. Ensure equal opportunities for everyone in the workplace.

14. IEEE Code of Ethics - Avoiding Conflict of Interest Disclose potential conflicts of interest and avoid situations that may compromise professional judgment. Refrain from accepting bribes, gifts, or favors that could influence decisions. Act independently and with professional objectivity.’

15. IEEE Code of Ethics - Professional Competence and Lifelong Learning Maintain and improve technical knowledge to ensure expertise in the field. Seek professional development through training, research, and certification. Recognize personal limitations and seek assistance or guidance when needed.

16. IEEE Code of Ethics - Respect for Intellectual Property Acknowledge and protect intellectual property rights. Do not misuse or copy others' ideas, patents, or copyrighted materials without permission. Support open collaboration while respecting proprietary rights.

17. Other Ethical Codes

18. Applying Ethical Codes Real-world applications in IT projects. Case study: Data privacy and software development ethics. Ethical dilemmas and decision-making models.

19. Real-World Applications in IT Projects Applying ethical codes in IT projects ensures that professionals act responsibly and make ethical decisions. Below are some key areas where ethical codes are critical: a. Software Development Ethics Ensuring software does not contain hidden vulnerabilities or intentional backdoors that could be exploited. Following secure coding practices to protect against hacking and cyberattacks. Providing honest and transparent documentation for users and stakeholders. Testing software thoroughly to avoid harm due to undetected bugs.

20. Real-World Applications in IT Projects b. Data Privacy and Security Implementing strong encryption to protect user data. Obtaining informed consent before collecting personal data. Not selling or misusing personal data for financial gain. Complying with privacy laws such as Data Privacy Act of 2012 (RA 10173) and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

21. Real-World Applications in IT Projects c. Artificial Intelligence and Automation Ensuring AI makes fair and unbiased decisions , avoiding discrimination in automated processes. Being transparent about how AI algorithms work ( Explainable AI ). Developing AI responsibly to prevent the spread of misinformation. d. Cybersecurity Practices Ethical hacking vs. illegal hacking ( White-hat vs. Black-hat hackers ). Organizations hiring ethical hackers to test security systems for vulnerabilities. Ensuring fair use of cybersecurity tools without violating personal rights.

22. Case Study: Data Privacy and Software Development Ethics Scenario: Facebook-Cambridge Analytica Scandal (2018) Background: Facebook allowed a third-party application to collect user data. The app harvested data from 87 million users without consent. This data was used to influence elections and target users with specific political content. Ethical Issues: Violation of data privacy – Users were unaware of how their data was being used. Lack of transparency – Facebook did not fully disclose the extent of data collection. Exploitation of technology – User data was manipulated for political and financial gain.

23. Case Study: Data Privacy and Software Development Ethics Lessons Learned: IT professionals must follow ethical codes when handling user data. Companies should implement stronger privacy policies and clear consent mechanisms. Ethical codes, such as ACM’s respect for privacy principle , must be enforced in software development.

24. Ethical Dilemmas and Decision-Making Models IT professionals often face ethical dilemmas where they must balance business goals, legal obligations, and ethical responsibilities . Below are some ethical dilemmas and decision-making frameworks used to resolve them: Common Ethical Dilemmas in IT Software piracy – Should a developer use unauthorized software to meet project deadlines? Surveillance and privacy – Should an employer monitor employees’ private messages? Data leaks – Should an IT professional report a security flaw that might damage a company’s reputation? AI and bias – Should AI systems be allowed to make decisions that affect human lives (e.g., hiring, loans, criminal justice)?

25. Decision-Making Models to Resolve Ethical Dilemmas a. Utilitarian Approach (Greatest Good for the Greatest Number)Evaluate which decision benefits the most people. Example: A company fixes a data vulnerability before informing the public to avoid mass panic and cyberattacks. b. Deontological Approach (Follow Moral Duties and Rules)Follow established ethical codes and moral obligations, regardless of consequences. Example: An IT employee refuses to hack a competitor's system, even under company pressure.

26. Decision-Making Models to Resolve Ethical Dilemmas

27. Ethical Issues in IT Data privacy concerns. Intellectual property violations. Software piracy. Cybersecurity ethics.

28. Ethical Issues in Social Media & AI Misinformation and ethical AI use. Deepfake technology and its ethical implications. Role of IT professionals in mitigating ethical risks.

29. Philippine Cyber Laws Overview Introduction to key Philippine IT laws. Importance of cyber laws in IT ethics. How these laws protect IT users and businesses.

30. Act No. 10175 – Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 Defines cybercrimes such as hacking, identity theft, cyber libel. Penalties and legal consequences. Impact on IT professionals and businesses.

31. Key Provisions of the Cybercrime Law Computer-related offenses. Content-related offenses (e.g., cyber libel, child pornography). Other offenses such as aiding cybercrimes.

32. E-Commerce Law in the Philippines Republic Act 8792 (E-Commerce Act of 2000). Legal recognition of electronic documents and contracts. Regulations on online transactions.

33. Importance of E-Commerce Law Protection for online consumers. Cybersecurity measures for online businesses. Legal framework for online contracts and agreements.

34. Data Privacy Act of 2012 (RA 10173) Ensures protection of personal information. Guidelines for data collection and processing. Rights of individuals regarding personal data.

35. Cybersecurity and Ethics Ethical hacking vs. malicious hacking. Responsibilities of IT professionals in cybersecurity. Importance of ethical hacking certifications.

36. Ethical Decision Making in IT Ethical frameworks in IT decision-making. Case studies on ethical dilemmas in technology. How professionals can maintain ethical integrity.

37. The Role of IT Professionals in Upholding Ethics Responsibility to clients and stakeholders. Promoting ethical behavior in organizations. The impact of unethical actions on professional careers.

38. Challenges in Implementing Ethical Standards Lack of awareness and training. Rapid technological advancements. Differences in ethical perspectives.

39. Ethical Guidelines for IT Students & Professionals Best practices for ethical IT behavior. How students can start applying ethical principles early. Resources for learning IT ethics.

40. Summary of Key Points Ethical codes are essential in IT professions. Cyber laws protect individuals and businesses. IT professionals must act responsibly in their field.

41. Conclusion The significance of ethics in the IT industry. Encouraging adherence to ethical codes. Final thoughts on professional responsibility.

42. References & Additional Resources List of sources used in the presentation. Recommended books, articles, and websites for further reading.

43. THANK YOU!