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1. 1 Life Cycle Assessment L C A Reduce R e u s e R e c y cl e

2. What is Life Cycle Assessment? Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is standardized method to evaluate environmental consequences of a product or activity across its entire life. It is used to assist companies, consumers, and policy- makers in greening their practices and decisions. For example, LCA results can tell us if one product is environmentally preferable to another, or what aspects of a product are contributing most to environmental impacts. Reduce R e u s e R e c y cl e 2

3. 3 Stages of Life Cy c le Assessment Extraction of raw materials from nature. 1 The prin c ipal stages in the life Cy c le of any produ c t in c lude: 2 3 4 5 P r o d u c t d e s i g n a n d M a nuf a c t u r i n g o f t h e product using the raw materials. Transportation or distribution of the product to various sites. Use or consumption and maintenance of the product. W a s t e m a n a g e m e n t ( r e c y c li n g p r o c e s s a n d final disposal.

4. Goals and Purpose of Life Cy c le Assessment: A n a ly s i n g t h e q u a lit y o f i n p u t a n d o u t p u t o f materials during the life cycle of a product. Quantifying the inputs and outputs. Assessing the various environmental implications. U s i n g t h e i nf o r m a ti o n c o ll e c t e d t o i m p r o v e t h e v a r i o u s p r o c e ss e s i n v o l v e d i n li f e c y c l e o f a product. Making public policies Achieving sustainability 4 Reduce R e u s e R e c y cl e

5. Reduce R e u s e R e c y cl e 05 L C A phases ( I S O 14040 and 14044) L C A i s b a s e d o n 4 m a i n p h a s e s ( a s a n f i g u r e ) : 1 ) g o a l and scope 2) inventory analysis 3) impact assessment 4) interpretation.

6. 6 Life Cycle Assessment Steps: Goal and Scope Definition: This phase involves defining the boundaries and the specific goals and objectives of the assessment, including the products that will be assessed, the functional unit and the reference flow, and the impact categories that will be evaluated. Life Cycle Inventory Analysis: Data on the materials, energy, and other resources utilized in the manufacturing, distribution, use, and disposal of the good or service must be gathered and analyzed throughout this phase. This information is used to compile a list of the environmental impacts associated with the product.

7. 7 Life Cycle Assessment Steps: L i f e C y c l e I m p a c t A ss e ss m e n t : T h i s p h a s e u s e s a pp r o p r i a t e i m p a c t a ss e ss m e n t m e t h o d s t o e v a l u a t e t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t s i d e n t i f i e d i n the inventory analysis. Estimating the extent of the impacts and comparing them to relevant benchmarks or standards are part of this process. Also, the impact categories chosen in the Goal and Scope Definition phase are quantified and evaluated in this phase. Life Cycle Interpretation: This phase includes interpreting the impact assessment results and communicating them to stakeholders clearly and understandably, usually done via and LCA report and a presentation of the results. This may include developing recommendations for improving the product's or service's sustainability.

8. TYPES OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT Consequential Also, taking into account changes in environmental flows/processes within and outside the production cycle of a product (e.g. food waste as a feed substrate can also be used for the production of bio- energy) Social Is a method that can be used to assess the social and sociological aspects of products, their actual and potential positive as well as negative impacts along the life cycle. Attributional Addressing the direct environmental impact of a product (resources and emissions directly related to the production of meat, e.g. feed use, fuel for transport and electricity for heating) 8

9. 9 5 Benefits of Performing an LCA for your products: Environmental impact reduction - can identity environmental hotspots within a product's lifecycle, allowing potential improvements to be identified and implemented. Resource preservation - can aid in identifying opportunities for resource preservation by spotting areas where resources are being used inefficiently or where alternative materials or processes may be more sustainable. Cost savings - it can result in cost savings by identifying and implementing more efficient processes and using less expensive, more sustainable materials. Risk management - it can assist in identifying and assessing potential risks associated with the manufacture, use and disposal of a product, allowing risk management strategies to be implemented. improved stakeholder relationships- by demonstrating a commitment to sustainability and transparency, it can help to strengthen relationships with stakeholders such as customers, regulators, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Sustainability and transparency can also result in better brand reputation and a competitive advantage.

10. HERE ARE TWO COMPANIES THAT BENEFITED FROM PERFORMING AN LCA: 1 0 NESTLE - nestle conducted a Life Cycle Assessment on the Nescafe Dolce Gusto coffee pods and discovered that most of the environmental impacts were linked to the processing of the coffee beans and the materials used in the packaging. As a result, Nestle has launched various sustainability efforts based on this knowledge, including buying coffee beans from Rainforest Alliance Certified farms, using recycled materials in its packaging, and collaborating with suppliers to reduce water and energy use in production. TOYOTA - Toyota, a major global automotive manufacturer, uses Life Cycle Assessment to assess the environmental effects of their vehicles throughout their lifecycles. As a result, Toyota has discovered that the majority of the environmental impacts of its cars are related to their manufacturing and fuel consumption during the use stage.

11. Limitations of Life Cycle Assessment There are also limitations in this process. For example, it is simply not possible to consider every single environmental aspect associated with every single stage of a process. An LCA process will usually be conducted within a set of scope. This may not be wide enough to be true reflection of the environmental impact. In addition, some environmental impacts, such as those involving biodiversity, are difficult to quantify. Other issues that a r e o f t e n e x c l u d e d a r e n o i s e , o d o u r , t o x i c it y a n d ti m e . 1 1

12. DISADVANTAGES OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT: Requires complete data which sometimes are very daunting. LCAs depending on the specific product of process, can be very time intensive. Lack of Global Standards 1 2 Reduce Reuse Recycle

13. 1 3 Conclusion Life Cycle Assessment helps to improve the environmental conditions by proper analysis and proper steps taken. For example: Extending product life, substituting materials, improving collection efficiencies and improving waste management. L C A i s u n d o u b t e d l y a n e ss e n t i a l t oo l f o r achieving sustainability.

14. M e m b e r s : Reduce Reuse Recycle Thank You 1 4 Nash Joross Villarica Joshua Platon Pearl Gem Ylagan Melissa Mae Cortez Rodney Oquias Geron Magada Kenneth James Balbas Johansen Faeldonia