Lesson-3-The-human-person-as-an-embodied-spirit.pptx

Philo

1. THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT LESSON 3

2. EMBODIED It means being materialized or incarnate . But the idea of the human person as an “ embodied spirit ” does not necessarily refer to the incarnation or materialization of spirit as an immaterial entity. The embodiment of the spirit in Christian philosophy specifically refers to the inseparable union of body and soul . It means that the body is not separate from the soul, just as the soul is not separate from the body.

3. (3) Main Spiritual Philosophies Hinduism Buddhism Christianity 1. HINDUISM Brahman – he is the world soul or cosmic soul. The eternal essence of the universe and the ultimate divine reality . The supreme existence or absolute reality . Spiritual core of the universe.

4. Atman Is a soul, individual soul or absolute soul Essence of each living things ( people, animals, plants ) Comprises the eternal side of a living thing Houses in the body until the body dies. At the heart of Hinduism, human beings’ quest for absolute truth , so that one’s soul and the Brahman or Atman might become one.

5. Dual Nature of Human 1. Spiritual and Immortal Essence ( soul, reality ) 2. Empirical Life and Character – considered as nothing more than an illusion and even an obstacle to an individual’s realization of one’s real self . Hindus generally believe that the soul is eternal but is bound by the law of Karma , w/c it can escape only after spiritual progress through an endless series of death . Goal: Humanity’s basic goal in life is the liberation ( moksha ) of spirit ( jiva ).

6. Samsara Holds that humanity’s life is a continuous cycle. Transmigration It is a doctrine that adheres to the belief that a person’s soul passes into some other creature, human or animal. There will be no end to the cycle unless the individual exerts real efforts to break away or liberate one’s spirit from the monotonous cycle.

7. Ultimate Liberation It is freedom from rebirth, is achieved the moment the individual attains that stage of life emancipation. Moksha Is an enlightened state wherein one attains one’s true selfhood and finds oneself one with the One, the Ultimate Reality, the All-Comprehensive Reality : the Brahman. Emancipation Is the liberation of a person from human suffering and rebirth .

8. 4 PRIMARY VALUES 1. Wealth 2. Pleasure 3. Duty 4. Enlightenment Wealth & pleasure are worldly values, but when kept in perspective they are good and desirable.

9. Duty or righteousness - refers to patience sincerity, fairness, love, honesty and similar values. Enlightenment - by which one is illuminated and liberated and finds release from the wheel of existence.

10. 2. BUDDHISM: From Tears to enlightenment Siddharta Gautama – founder of Buddhism A prince from the Sakya clan in the kingdom of Magadha. Lived in luxury, never experienced pain, suffering or death. Married a beautiful woman, they had a son. At age 29, he left his family, became homeless wanderer. He tried to find wisdom through physical suffering and harsh discipline but instead he gained pain.

11. After days of meditating under a tree, Gautama felt the truth had come to him. At this point he became known as “ The Enlightened One ” or the Buddha . Then he began sharing his Dharma or The Law of Salvation. Dharma or Law of Salvation – a simple presentation of the gospel of inner cultivation of right spiritual attitudes, coupled with a self-imposed discipline whereby bodily desires would be channeled in the right direction.

12. Buddha’s Teachings: He don’t believe in many gods. The focus of Buddhism is reaching enlightenment. He rejected philosophical speculations. Buddhism is practical and focused on direct inward observation of the human condition. Reject to resort to ancient scriptures, rituals and incantations. Buddhism believes that the way to escape from pain and misery lay in the transformation of one’s mind.

13. Four (4) Noble Truths 1. Life is full of sufferings. Ex: Physical Suffering 2. Suffering is caused by passionate desires, lusts, cravings. Ex: Self-centeredness is the cause of the pain. 3. Suffering can be brought to an end. The way to end up all pain is to end all desires. 4. Follow the Eightfold Path People can overcome their desires and attain enlightenment by following the Eightfold Path.

14. The Eightfold Path Right knowledge Right purpose Right speech Right action Right living Right effort Right mindfulness Right meditation 1 & 2 oblige us to develop wisdom. 3 – 5 urge us to practice virtue and avoid vice. 6 – 8 tell us to practice meditation or concentration.

15. The way to salvation lies through self-abnegation, rigid discipline of the mind and body, and consuming love for all living things. Nirvana – a state wherein there is no more pain, sufferings, desire and sense of self. Order of Monks or Sangha A community or brotherhood of believers dedicated themselves to a life of self- purification, in total loyalty to Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha.

16. Four States of Sublime Condition Love – is active good will towards all. Compassion – identifying the suffering of others as one’s own. Empathetic Joy – the feeling of joy because others are happy. Equanimity – even mindedness and serenity, treating everyone impartially.

17. 3. CHRISTIANITY The Biblical God and Humanity During the medieval period, a new set of writings appeared which dealt with God’s existence. Christianity teaches that by forgiving others. God’s will forgive them the sins. God’s existence is the very reason for the existence of all we see or what we call evidences of God’s existence . St. Augustine is the most prominent philosopher of the period.

18. His aim is to produce happiness . His philosophy is amor sapiential , the love of wisdom. For St. Augustine, wisdom is not just an abstract logical construction . According to him, Christianity is the only full and true philosophy. As humans, we can only love only that which we know. ( Enlightenment of the Faith ).

19. St. Thomas Aquinas is another medieval philosopher. For him, of all creatures, human beings have the unique power to change themselves and things for the better. (2) written masterpieces: Summa Contra Gentiles Summa Theologica He considers the human being as moral agent, has the ability to discern right from wrong and to be held accountable for his own actions.

20. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, humans are both spiritual and material elements : the soul and body . Our spirituality separates us from animals. Because humans are rational beings that are able to think and act with moral decency. Through our spirituality, we have a conscience . We choose to be good or evil becomes our responsibility.

21. Direction: The students will be group into 5. Group 1- Conscience Group 2 - Suffering Group 3 - Faith Group 4 - Love Group 5 - Forgiveness Students will create a scenario assigned with them. Students perform various scenario in the class. Group Activity: Role Play