Lesson 5 Philippine Politics and Governance.pptx

power point on pre-colonial period

1. Lesson 5 Pre-colonial period and Spanish period

2. Philippine Pre-colonial period Before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16 th century, most people lived in small independent villages called “barangays”, each rule by a local paramount ruler called a datu . The Spanish later found many small towns, which they called poblaciónes , and from those centres roads or trails were built in for to six directions, into smaller neighborhood units like the spokes of a wheel. Along the roadsides arose numerous new villages, designated barrios under the Spanish, that were further subdivided called sitios .

3. Barangay Type of early Filipino settlement; the word is derived from balangay, the name for the sailboats that originally brough settlers of Malay stock to the Philippines from Borneo. Each boat carried a large family group, and the master of the boat retained power as leader, or datu , of the village established by his family.

4. Politics System Polities founded in the Philippines from the 10 th – 16 th centuries include Maynila, Tondo, Namayan , Pangasinan, Cebu, Butuan, Maguindanao, Buayan , Lanao, Sulu, and Ma- i . Among the nobility were leaders called “ Datu” , responsible for ruling autonomous groups called “ Baragay ” or dulohan . When these barangays banded together. Either to form a larger settlement or a geographically looser alliance group, the more esteemed among them would be recognized as a “paramount datu ”, “rajah”, or “sultan” which headed the community state.

5. Social Classes The fourth societal category above can be termed the datu class , and was a titled aristocracy. The early polities were typically made up of three-tier social structure: a nobility class, a class of “freemen”, and a class of dependent debtor-bondsmen. Datu (ruling class) Maginoo (noble class, where datu ascends from) Maharlika (warrior class) Timawa (Freeman) Alipin (dependent class) Aliping namamahay (Serfs) and Aliping saguiguilid (Slaves)

6. Other political systems by ethnic group Luzon - In the Cagayan Valley, the head of the Ilongot city-states was called a benganganat , while for Gaddang it was called a Mingal . - The Ilocano people in northwestern Luzon were originally located in modern-day Ilocos Sur and were led by a Babacnang . Their polity was called Samtoy which did not have a royal family but, rather, was a collection of certain barangays (Chiefdoms).

7. Other political systems by ethnic group Mindanao - The Lumad people from inland Mindanao are know to have headed by a datu . - the Subanon people in the Zamboanga peninsula were ruled by a timuay until they were overcam by the Sultanate of Sulu in the 13 th century - The Sama-Bajau people in Sulu who were not Muslims nor affiliated with the Sultanate of Sulu were ruled by nakurah before the arrival of Islam.

8. Philippine History

9. Colonial Period The earliest European expedition to the Philippine archipelago was led by the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan in the service of King Charles I of Spain in 1521. Magellan sought alliances among the people in the islands beginning with Datu Zula of Sugbu (Cebu) and took special pride in converting then to Christianity. Magellan got involved in the political conflicts in the islands and took part in a battle against Lapulapu , chief of Mactan and an enemy of Datu Zalu .

10. Philip II became King of Spain on January 16, 1556, when his father, Charles V, abdicated both the Spanish and Holy Roman Empire thrones, the latter went to his uncle, Ferdinand I. on his return to Spain On November 19 or 20, 1564, a Spanish expedition of a mere 500 men led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi departed Barra de Navidad, New Spain, arriving at Cebu on February 13, 1565. It was this expedition that established the first Spanish Settlements. It also resulted in the discovery of the tornaviaje return route to Mexico

11. The written record of the Philippine Islands starts with the coming of the Spaniards. Not the country had not had a history and a culture and a literature before! But the Spaniards, in their religious zeal, destroyed the earlier records as completely as possible. Therefore much of what is known about pre-Spanish days and there is still much to be uncovered comes from the records of other countries which were in touch with the islands. by the time the Spaniards came to the islands, therefore, the Filipinos had developed a way of life and a distinct culture that were suitable and satisfactory to them. They had a calendar, weights and measures, a system of writing some elements of law, some religious ideas showing both Hindu and Mohammedan influences, and had some skill in metalworking, pottery making and weaving.

12. Magellan, on his voyage around the world, “discovered” the islands in 1521, nearly a half century before the first permanent settlement was established by Spain in the United States. Numerous other Spanish expeditions followed, and one of the gave to the islands the name “ Las Filipinas” in honor of Philip II of Spain. By the end of the 16 th century, most of the country except the southern islands had been conquered. The subject peoples were converted to the Catholic faith and for the next 300 years came under the direct rule of Spanish governors and the all-pervading influence of Spanish priests.

13. The Philippine colony was governed by Spaniards, by laws made in Spain, and for the sole good of the mother country and its representatives in the colony. Filipinos held only minor offices. They were not given benefits of public education and their rights and wishes were almost completely ignored. Such laws as did exist for their protection were not enforced. One of Spain’s greatest contribution to the development of the country was the one it least wanted the unification of the people under its control. The Filipinos were united, first of all, through a common religion. Buy, more important, they were untied by a common hatred of the Spanish conqueror and all he stood for. in spite of all the good they had done, even the Spanish religious orders began to assume an excessive control over the people’s lives. This alienated many Filipinos and brought the church orders into sharp conflict with Spanish officials who resented their growing political power. Some of the church lands remain to this day as centers of social unrest. The Aglipayan or Independent church of the Philippines, formed at the time of the final revolution against Spain, was an added protest against the all Spanish nature of religious as well as political control.

14. Role of the Friars in Hispanicized parts of the Philippines Because of the scarcity of Spanish officials in the Philippines, most often the friar was the only Spaniard in a town. Aside from his religious activities, the friar also had authority in administration of the colony. He supervised the election of the gobernadorcillo and cabeza. He was the keeper of the list of residents of the town. His signature had to be seen on all financial papers of the town. The friars also served as mediators who quelled insurrections. It was because of the friar’s spiritual function that people believed and feared him. He was also influential because of this knowledge of the native language and his ordinarily long stay in a town.

15. Katipunan membership Katipon Kawal Bayani

16. Factions of the Katipunan Magdiwang Magdalo

17. Magdalo Faction Katipunan chapter in Cavite. It was named after Mary Magdalene, Patroness of Kawit , Cavite. It was officially led by Baldomero Aguinaldo, but his cousin Emilio Aguinaldo was its most famous leader.

18. Magdalo Leaders Baldomero Aguinaldo – President Edilberto Evangelista – Vice President Candido Tirona – Secretary of War Felix Cuenca – Secretary of Interior Glierio Topacio – Secretary of Public Works Cayetano Topacio – Secretary of Finance Emilio Aguinaldo – Flag Officer

19. Magdiwang Faction Katipunan chapter in Manila. The magdiwang Council was acknowledged “as the supreme organ responsible for the successful campaigns against the enemy” within Cavite. Magdiwang chapter was started by Mariano Alvarez.

20. Magdiwang Leaders Lorenzo Fenoy - Vice President for Batangas Pascual Álvarez  - Minister of the Interior Ariston Villanueva - Minister of War Ananias Diokno  - Vice Minister of War of Batangas Mariano Trías  - Minister of Welfare and Justice Emiliano Riego de Dios - Minister of Economic Development Diego Mojica - Minister of Finance Santiago V. Álvarez  - Captain General Artemio Ricarte  - Assistant Captain General Miguel Malvar  - Assistant Captain General for Batangas Mariano Riego de Dios - General, Cavite Division Paciano Rizal  - General, Batangas Division

21. Tejeros Convention The  Tejeros Convention, also known as the  Tejeros Assembly and the  Tejeros Congress, was a meeting held on March 22, 1897, between  Katipunan  factions of  Magdiwang and  Magdalo  in San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite (now  Genera l Trias ) that resulted in the creation of a new  revolutionary   government  that took charge of the  Philippine Revolution , replacing the Katipunan. It followed on a previous meeting now known as the  Imus Assembly . Filipino historians consider the first presidential and vice presidential elections in Philippine history to have been held at this convention, although only Katipuneros (members of the Katipunan) were able to take part, and not the general populace.

22. Biak na Bato (The 1 st Philippine Constitution) The republic had a constitution drafted by Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer and based on the first Cuban Constitution. It is known as the “ Constitucion Provisional de la Republica de Filipinas” and was originally written in a promulgated in the Spanish and Tagalog Languages.

23. The organs of the government under the constitution of Biak- na - bato Supreme council which was vested with the power of the republic, headed by the president and Four Departments secretaries: Interior, Foreign Affairs, Treasury, and War. Consejo Supremo de Gracia Y Justicia (Supreme Council of Grace and Justice) which has given the authority to make decisions and affirm or disprove the sentences rendered by other courts and dictate rules for the administration of Justice Asamblea de Representates (Assembly of the Representatives) which has to be convened after the revolution to create a new constitution and to elect a new council of Government and Representative of the people.

24. On 1897, Pedro Paterno, a mestizo-Filipino who was one of the activist volunteered to the governor-general, Primo de Rivera negotiator between Filipinos and Spaniards. The fist treaty was signed on November 18, 1897. but Pedro Paterno signed the pact in Manila in behalf of Emilio Aguinaldo. The second pact was signed on December 14, 1897. The third pact on December 15, 1897. On December 23, 1897, Generals Celestino Tejero and Ricardo Monet of the Spanish army arrived in Biak- na -Bato and became hostages of the rebels. A ceasefire was declared by both camps and an agreement between Aguinaldo and the Spanish forces was made – that the Spanish government will grand self-rule to the Philippines in 3 years if Aguinaldo went

25. Malolos Constitution of the Philippines

26. In 1899, the Malolos Constitution, the first Philippine Constitution the first republican constitution in Asia was drafted and adopted by the First Philippine Republic, which lasted from 1899 to 1901. On September 15, 1898, Malolos Congress was convened and approved on January 20, 1899, ushering what is called the “First Philippine Republic”. Proclaimed by Emilio Aguinaldo on January 21, 1899. Its main task was the framing of the Malolos Constitution, also know as the first democratic constitution ever promulgated in the whole Asia. On January 23, 1899, the First Philippine Republic was inaugurated at Barasoain Church, Malolos, Bulacan. And it was based on the proposed framework of Felipe Calderon.

27. The constitution was ratified on January 21, 1899 and had the following important provisions: The legality of the declaration of independence in Kawit , Cavite. The separation of church and state. The establishment of a Republican Government. The division of the government into three branches, the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary. The Legislative branch is higher than the Executive and Judiciary The Unicameral Legislature The Bill of Rights of Citizens The Suffrage

28. American Occupation in the Philippines