LESSON 6-A.pptxwdwdwdwdwdwdwdwdwdwdwdwdwdwdwdwdwdwdw

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1. TRENDS AND ISSUES IN SOCIAL STUDIES

2. LESSON 6 TERRORISM

3. What is Terrorism? The use of terror and violence to intimidate (Webster’s Dictionary). Is defined as the use of fear to pressure a person or a community to act contrary to reason (Current Issues)

4. Philippine Islamic Militant Groups Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)

5. Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF) Abu Sayyaf Maute Group

6. MORO NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT I s a political organization in the Philippines that was founded in 1969 by Nur Misuari.

7. MNLF

8. Its primary goal has been to establish an independent state for the Muslim population in Mindanao, particularly for the Moro people who have long felt marginalized by the Philippine government.

9. More immediate causes of insurgency rose out of the increasing lawlessness in the southern Philippines when violence associated with political disputes, personal feuds and armed gangs proliferated.

10. Already in competition over land , economic resources and political power , the Moros became increasingly alarmed by the immigration of Christians from the north who were making Moros a minority in what they felt was their own land.

11. Nur Misuari Guided the MNLF as the chairman. Believed that the Moro constituted a separate people which was the BangsaMoro .

12. He claimed that the Muslims can only free themselves from corrupt leaders and implement institutions in an independent state Tension between the native Muslim population and the newly-arrived Christian population sparked its creation.

13. September 21, 1972 - Martial Law was declared in the Philippines - the government attempted to disarm the Muslims which provoked an open rebellion.

14. MNLF began a rebellion against the gov’t on October 1972. Government troops and Muslim rebels clashed

15. Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) – appealed to the gov’t to end its repression of Muslims. President Marcos ordered a ceasefire, proposed a peace plan, but MNLF rejected.

16. OIC mediated between the government & MNLF in Tripoli parties agreed to a cessation of military hostilities. On March 1977, Marcos issued a proclamation establishing an autonomous region in Mindanao.

17. On March 1977, Marcos issued a proclamation establishing an autonomous region in Mindanao.

18. Referendum was boycotted by the MNLF. Government troops and Muslim rebels clashed. Muslim civilians fled to Sabah as refugees.

19. Muslim civilians fled to Sabah as refugees.

20. President Corazon Aquino & MNLF representatives signed a ceasefire agreement on September 1986. Government and MNLF signed the Jeddah Accord on January 1987.

21. Government and MNLF signed the Jeddah Accord on January 1987.

22. MNLF agreed to abandon its campaign for independence in favor of autonomy for Mindanao island. Nur Misuari, expressed dissatisfaction with the level of autonomy granted by the Jeddah Accord.

23. MNLF resumed its rebellion against the government . Approval of a plan providing autonomy of the Moro provinces-MNLF called upon Muslims to boycott the referendum. OIC mediated, ceasefire agreement was signed by the gov’t & MNLF

24. September 1996 was the signing of the Final Peace Agreement, also known as the Jakarta Accord, the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao was established with Nur Misuari as its governor.

25. September 1996 was the signing of the Final Peace Agreement, also known as the Jakarta Accord

26. This agreement formally ended the armed conflict between the MNLF and the Philippine government and established mechanisms for the integration of MNLF combatants into Philippine society.

27. World Bank and Japan provided reconstruction assistance in the ARMM beginning 2002.

28. END!