LESSON 6 EARTH’S MINERALS physical properties

EARTH’S MINERALS physical properties

1. MINERALS (Physical Properties)

2. Humans cannot survive without minerals

3. Humans cannot survive without minerals : Bone and Teeth Health: Calcium and phosphorus are vital for strong bones and teeth. Muscle Function: Magnesium and potassium help with muscle contraction and relaxation. Nervous System: Sodium, potassium, and calcium are important for nerve signal transmission. Blood Health: Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. Immune System: Zinc supports immune function and wound healing.

4. EARLY PEOPLE COLLECTED SALT BEFORE THEY UNDERSTOOD HOW IMPORTANT THE MINERAL IS FOR SURVIVAL MEDITERRANEAN-SALT CAKES WERE USED AS MONEY GREEKS TRADED SALT FOR SLAVES ENGLAND FLOURISHED WHEN FUEL FOR BOILING BRINE CHANGED FROM WOOD TO COAL Salt

5. Minerals are mined for our use Magmatic copper, magnetite, uranium

6. To meet the definition of "mineral" used by most geologists, a substance must meet five requirements: naturally occurring. inorganic. solid. definite chemical composition. ordered internal structure.

7. Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids. Minerals are from geologic processes.

8. The physical properties of minerals helps to easily identify a mineral. COLOR STREAK HARDNESS CLEAVAGE & FRUCTURE CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE TRANSPARENCY & DIAPHANEITY MAGNETISM TENACITY ODOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY

9. COLOR Augite Feldspar hematite

10. The color is a constant and predictable component of the mineral. Examples are blue Azurite, red Cinnabar, and green Malachite. Allochromatic minerals are "other colored" due to trace impurities in their composition or defects in their structure.

11. STREAK What is streak test ? It is the color of the minerals in powder form. Is the test used by scientist by pulverizing the minerals to know the true color of it.

12. HARDNESS Talc Apatite Diamond

13. Cullinan Diamond 3,106,75 carat with 621.35 g

14. M ineral hardness /Mohs hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale characterizing scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material.

15. CLEAVAGE AND FRACTURE

16. Cleavage refers to the way some minerals break along certain lines of weakness in their structure.

17. CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE Crystal solid and Amorphous solid A tool used by mineralogist to study the crystal lattice of mineral.

18. TRANSPARENCY AND DIAPHANEITY Transparent topaz Translucent corundum Opaque stibnite

19. Transparency, also known technically as diaphaneity , is a function of the way light interacts with the surface of a substance. There are only three possible interactions. If the light enters and exits the surface of the substance in relatively undisturbed fashion, then the substance is referred to as transparent.

20. Light is able to pass through transparent minerals ; translucent minerals partially let light pass through; and opaque minerals do not let any light through.

21. MAGNETISM The ability of the mineral to attract minerals.

22. TENACITY It can tell if mineral is brittle, malleable, elastic Tenacity is the resistance that a mineral offers to breaking, crushing, bending, cutting, or other acts of destruction. Fracture is how the mineral breaks once the tenacious limit has been exceeded. Generally displayed by glasses and most non-metallic minerals.

23. LUSTER Logan Sapphire Lustre or luster is the way light interacts with the surface of a crystal, rock, or mineral. The word traces its origins back to the Latin lux, meaning "light", and generally implies radiance, gloss, or brilliance. A range of terms are used to describe lustre, such as earthy, metallic, greasy, and silky.

24. ODOR A distinct smell of a mineral.

25. SPECIFIC GRAVITY A measure of density of a mineral. Specific gravity is the ratio of a mineral’s weight compared with the weight of an equal volume of water. For example, gold has a specific gravity of 19, meaning it is 19 times heavier than water.

26. Color: The most noticeable property, but not always reliable as some minerals can appear in various colors. Streak: The color of the mineral in powdered form, which is more consistent than the surface color. Hardness : Measured by the Mohs scale, it indicates a mineral’s resistance to scratching. Cleavage & Fracture: How a mineral breaks. Cleavage is the tendency to break along flat surfaces, while fracture is a more irregular break. Crystalline Structure: The unique arrangement of atoms in a mineral, often visible as crystal shapes. P hysical P roperties of M inerals

27. Transparency & Diaphaneity: How light passes through the mineral, ranging from transparent to opaque. Magnetism: Some minerals are magnetic, which can be a distinguishing feature. Tenacity: The mineral’s resistance to breaking, bending, or deforming. Odor: Some minerals have a distinctive smell, especially when scratched or heated. Specific Gravity: The density of the mineral compared to water. P hysical P roperties of M inerals