LESSON 6 IN PAL.pptxwdawdawdawdawdawdawdwddwd

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1. COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD: THEIR PHYSICAL AND HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

2. LESSON 6 “THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES”

3. PHILIPPINES – is the homeland of the Filipinos. Philippines is anglicized Felipinas , the name given in 1543 by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos , a navigator of a Spanish expedition. Felipinas initially referred to Leyte and Samar .

4. Later, it included the entire archipelago (an expanse of water with many scattered islands). Felipinas is a name given in honor of Felipe II , son of Don Carlos I of Spain, the heir apparent and later successor to the throne of Spain.

5. Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the early inhabitants spread and settled in river deltas all over the islands. They engaged in barter trade with merchants from China , Arabia , Siam , Java , Moluccas , and other neighboring countries.

6. In 1521, Magellan, the Portuguese-born Spanish-naturalized navigator, landed on the islands under the auspices of the Spanish crown.

7. He named the islands " Archipelago of St. Lazarus " because it was on the feast day of the saint when he set foot on Philippine soil.

8. Since then, many other names have been given to the islands: " Islas del Poniente " (Western Islands) " Islas del Oriente " (Eastern Islands)

9. c. " Islas del Luzones " (Islands of Mortars) d. " Archipelago del Magallanes " (Archipelago of Magellan) and e. " Archipelago de Celebes " (Celebes Archipelago).

10. In his famous poem, "My Last Farewell," Dr. Jose Rizal called the Philippines as " Pearl of the Orient Seas ."

11. Through the years, the Philippines has acquired worldwide recognition as the: a. only Christian country in East Asia; b. first Western colony in Asia to regain its independence;

12. c. Southeast Asia's first and oldest continuously functioning democracy; and d. the world's third largest English-speaking country.

13. Origin of the Philippines

14. Some geographers believe that the Philippines is a remnant of a vast continent in the Pacific. In prehistoric times, this continent known as Lemuria or Mu , sank beneath the waters.

15. The remnants of this continent are islands in the Pacific like the Philippines , Borneo , Celebes , Java , Sumatra , Carolinas , Peleus , Hawaii , Samoa , Tahiti , and other islands.

16. Certain geologists assert that the Philippines is of volcanic origin. In remote epochs, volcanoes erupted and caused the emergence of islands above the waters.

17. Still other scientists and scholars affirm the popular theory that the Philippines , Japan , Formosa , Borneo , and Indonesia were once part of Asia. During the post-glacial age, the world's ice melted, causing the seas to rise.

18. The lower regions of the earth, including the land bridges connecting the Philippines to Asia were submerged. Thus, the Philippines was separated from mainland Asia.

19. NATIONAL TERRITORY

20. Article I of the 1987 Philippine Constitution defines the territory of the Philippines as follows:

21. "The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction,

22. consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domain, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other sub- marine areas.

23. The waters, around, between and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, shall form part of the internal waters of the Philippines."

24. The national territory of the Philippines consists of: the Philippine archipelago; all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction; and the internal waters of the Philippines.

25. 3) the internal waters of the Philippines.

26. The Philippine Archipelago is defined in the Treaty of Paris, signed Dec. 10, 1898, between Spain and the United States; in the Treaty of Washington signed on Nov. 7, 1900

27. between the United States and Spain ceding Cagayan, Sibutu , and Sulu; and the Treaty of January 2, 1930 between United States and Great Britain ceding the Turtle and Mangsee Islands.

28. The Philippines together with Indonesia and other archipelagic states has exposed the archipelagic concept on the international conference on the Law of the Sea.

29. What is the archipelagic doctrine of territoriality?

30. Archipelago is derived from the Greek word pelagos which means sea. An archipelago is a sea or part of a sea studded with islands, or a large group of islands in an extensive body of water.

31. The archipelagic concept of territoriality projects the idea that the Philippines as an archipelago should be regarded as a simple unit.

32. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands or archipelago, irrespective of their breadth and dimension, form part of internal waters of the state, subject to its exclusive sovereignty.

33. The main purpose of the archipelago doctrine are economic reasons and national security. ( Barlongay )

34. Following the old rule, it is possible that between islands like Bohol and Siquijor, where there is more than a 24-mile distance between the two islands, there may be high seas.

35. Foreign vessels may just enter at anytime at will, posing danger to the security of the State.

36. The archipelagic doctrine states that these waters within the baseline, regardless of breadth and dimensions, form part of the archipelago and are considered as internal waters, subject to the jurisdiction and protection of the State.

37. In the International Convention on the Law of the Sea held in Geneva in 1958, the Philippine position was explained by former Senator Arturo M. Tolentino, as follows:

38. "Extending the 3-mile rule to 12 miles and later on P.D. 1599 dated June 11, 1978, establishes an Exclusive Economic Zone.

39. EEZ of the Philippines extending to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the base- line from which the territorial sea is measured; except that where the limits overlap the economic zone of an adjacent or neighboring state,

40. common boundaries shall be determined by agreement with the state concerned or in accordance with generally accepted principles of international law on ' delimitation."

41. Other states are allowed to use the EEZ for: navigation and overflight laying submarine cable and pipe lines

42. 3) other lawful uses related to navigation and communication

43. Other states are prohibited from using the zone to: explore or exploit any resources carry out any search, excavation, or drilling operations

44. 3) conduct any research 4) construct or operate any artificial island, off-shore terminal, installations or other structures

45. 5) perform any activity which is contrary to, or in derogation of the sovereign rights and jurisdiction herein provided

46. By virtue of P.D. 1596 signed on June 11, 1978, the Philippines claims the Kalayaan Group of Islands as part of Philippine territory on the basis of historic rights and legal titles.

47. The claim was made "by reason of history, indispensable need, and effective occupation and control established in accordance with international law."

48. Kalayaan is now a municipality of Palawan. As with Sabah, the Philippines continues in pursuing its claim on the said island.

49. Location and Size

50. The Philippines is located a little above the equator. It lies 966 km. off the south- east coast of Asia. It is located between latitude 4°23' N and 21°25' N and between longitude 116°E and 127°E.

51. It is bounded on the north by the Bashi Channel, in the south by the Sulu and Celebes Seas, in the east by the Pacific Ocean and on the west by the South China Sea. It is 1,150 miles (1,850 km.) long and 680 miles (1,060 km.) wide.

52. Y'Ami of the Batanes group is the northernmost island, being 97 km. from Taiwan, and Saluag of the Sibutu group is the southernmost island, being 32 km. from North Borneo (Sabah).

53. The neighboring countries on the north are Taiwan, China, and Japan; on the west are Vietnam, Laos, Kampuchea/Cambodia, Thailand, and Malaysia; and on the south are Borneo and Indonesia.

54. The sprawling archipelago which is composed of 7,109 islands has a total land area of 300,000 sq.km. It is larger than Great Britain and Ireland, a little smaller than Japan or Spain and about three times as large as Cuba.

55. Of these islands, only 2,773 are named, while more than 4,000 have not yet been officially named. The major island groups are Luzon on the north with an area of 141, 395 sq.km. and Mindanao on the south with an area of 101,998.9 sq.km.

56. Together they make up 2/3 of the area of the Philippines. Other large islands in decreasing sizes are Samar, Negros, Palawan, Mindoro, Leyte, Cebu, Bohol, and Masbate.

57. Regionalization

58. These islands are further grouped into 15 regions including the newly created Region XIII CARAGA and the two autonomous regions of Cordillera (CAR) and Muslim Mindanao (ARMM).

59. The National Capital Region (NCR) is now composed of 10 cities (Manila, Pasay, Caloocan, Quezon, and the newly created cities of Makati, Pasig, Muntinlupa, Mandaluyong, Parañaque , and Las Piñas )

60. and 7 municipalities (Malabon, Marikina, Navotas , Pateros, San Juan, and Taguig).

61. There are now 78 provinces, 61 cities and 1,493 municipalities in the Philippines. Kalinga and Apayao are now two separate provinces by virtue of R.A. 7878 and as a result of a plebiscite conducted on May 8, the 1995.

62. END!