Lesson plan on family planning and contraception

In this complete study material for the all people who need to study about the family planning and also more focus on the contraceptive methods , in this all contraceptive methods are describe with the diagrammatic presentation so users enjoy the study with this.

1. Piyush kumar Verma 1 FAMILY PLANNING & CONTRACEPTION

2. E s t i m a t e d A nnua l C a s e s o f S T D ’s (s o u r c e : W H O ) More than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired every day worldwide. Each year, there are estimated 357 million new infections with 1 of 4 STIs: chlamydia (131 million), gonorrhoea (78 million), syphilis (5.6 million) and trichomoniasis (143 million). 1 5 . 3 m i llion in U . S . Piyush kumar Verma 2

3. E s t im ate d A nnua l Ca s e s o f ST D s, U.S. ( Am e r i ca n S o c i a l H e a l t h As so c i a t i o n , D e c 199 8 , “ S T D ’s : Ho w m a n y a t W h a t C o s t ? ” ) H um a n P a pi l lo m a V i r u s 5 , 5 00 , Ti c h o m oni a si s 5 , 00 , C h l a my dia 3 , 00 , H e r p e s 1 , 00 , Gon o rr h e a 6 50 , H e p a t i t is B 7 7 , 00 Sy p h i l i s 7 , 00 H IV 2 , 00 t o ta l 1 5 , 31 7 , Piyush kumar Verma 3

4. CONCEPT OF FAMILY PLANNING FAMILY PLANNING REFERS TO PRACTICE THAT HELP INDIVIDUAL COUPLES TO ATTAIN THE FOLLOWING OBJETIVES – To avoid unwanted birth. To bring about wanted procreation. To regulate the spacing between pregnancy. To determine the time of birth in relation to the age of the parents. To determine the number of children in family. Piyush kumar Verma 4

5. GOALS OF FAMILY PLANNING OPERATIONAL GOAL Prevent voluntary acceptance of small family norms. To motivate peoples. To ensure the easy availability of contraceptive. To arrange medical & surgical services. DEMOGRAPHIC GOAL To population control. To reduce infant mortality rate. To reduce maternal mortality rate. Universal immunization. Prevention of communicable disease. Piyush kumar Verma 5

6. SCOPE OF FAMILY PLANNING (ACC. TO WHO) Proper spacing between birth. Limited no. of birth. Diagnosis of reproductive tract disease. Pregnancy test. Provided services to unmarried mothers. Preparing for first birth. Sex education. Genetic counselling. Marital guidance. Adoption service. Piyush kumar Verma 6

7. Birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control , contraception means prevention against pregnancy. The method or device used to prevent pregnancy are called contraceptives. Birth control has been used since ancient times , but effective and safe methods of birth control only became available in the 20th century . Contraception or Birth control Piyush kumar Verma 7

8. T y p e s o f B i r t h Con t rol Ho rm o na l B a rr i e r I U D M e t ho d s ba s e d o n i n f o rm a t io n P e rm a n e n t s t e r i li z a t i o n R Piyush kumar Verma 8

9. Piyush kumar Verma 9

10. Hormo n al Me t hods O r a l C on t r a cep t i ve s ( B i r t h Con t r o l P il l ) I nj ec t i on s ( D ep o - P r o ve r a ) Im p la n t s ( N o r pl an t I & II ) Piyush kumar Verma 10

11. Bir t h Con t rol P i lls P i l l s c a n b e t a k e n t o p r e v e n t p r e g na n c y P i l l s a re s a f e a n d e ff e c t i v e w h e n t a k e n p r o pe r l y P i l l s a re o v e r 9 9 % e ff e ct i v e W o m e n m u s t h a v e a pa p s m e a r t o ge t a p r e sc r i p t i o n f o r b i r t h c on t r o l p i l l s P i l l s D O N OT p r e v e n t S T D ’ s Piyush kumar Verma 11

12. How does t he pi l l work? S t ops o v u l a t i o n T h i ns u t e r i ne l i n i ng T h i ck e n s ce r v i cal m u c us Piyush kumar Verma 12

13. P o s i t i ve B e n e f i t s o f B i r t h Co n t r o l P i l l s P r e v en ts p re gnan c y E as e s m e n st ru a l cr a m p s S h or t e ns p er i od R egu l a t e s pe r i o d  D e c r e a ses i n c i dence of ova r i an c yst s  P r e ven t s o v a r i an and u t e r i ne can c er  D e c r e a ses a c ne • • • B r e a s t t ende r n e s s N a u s ea Inc r ease i n headaches • • • M o o d i ness W e i gh t ch a n ge S po tt i ng Side - e f f e c t s Piyush kumar Verma 13

14. T a k i ng t he P i l l O nce a d a y a t t he sa m e t i m e e v e r y day U s e condo m s f o r f i r st m on t h U s e condo m s w hen on an t i b i o t i c s U s e condo m s f o r 1 w eek i f you mi ss a p i l l or t ake one l a t e T he p i l l o f f e r s n o p r o t e c t i on f r o m S T D ’ s Piyush kumar Verma 14

15. D e po- P rovera B i r t h c o n t r o l s h o t g i ve n o n c e e v er y t h re e m o n t h s t o p r e ve n t p r e gn a n c y 99 . 7 % e ff e c t i v e p r e ve n ti n g p r e gn a n c y N o d a il y p ill s t o re m e m b e r Piyush kumar Verma 15

16. How d oes t he s ho t wo r k ? T h e s a m e w a y a s t h e P ill ! S t o p s o v u l a t i o n S t o p s m e n s t r u a l cyc l es !! T h i ck e n s c erv i c a l m u c u s Piyush kumar Verma 16

17. S I D E EFFE C TS E xt r e m e l y ir r egu l ar m en st r ual b l eed i ng and spo tt i ng f or 3 - 6 m on t h s! N O PE R I O D  a ft e r 3 - 6 m on t hs W e i gh t c hange B r e a s t t ende r n e s s M ood change *N O T EVE R Y WO M A N H A S S I D E - E F F E C T S ! Piyush kumar Verma 17

18. The P a t c h Piyush kumar Verma 18

19. I M P L A N TS I m p l an t s a r e p l a c ed i n t he body f i l l ed w i t h ho rm one t ha t p r even t s p r egnan c y P hy s i c a l l y i ns e r t ed i n s im p l e 1 5 m i nu t e ou t pa t i en t p r ocedu r e P l a s t i c capsu l es t he s i ze o f paper m a t ch s t i c k s i n s e r t ed under t he s k i n i n t he a r m 99 .95% e ff e c t i ve n e s s r a t e Piyush kumar Verma 19

20. N o r p l an t I vs . N o r p l an t I I S i x cap s u l es F i ve y e a r s T w o cap s u l es T h r ee yea r s T h e p il l w o r ks i n s e v e r a l w a ys t o p r e v en t p r e g nan c y. T h e p il l s u p p r ess e s ov u l a t i on s o t h a t a n eg g i s n o t r e l e as e d fr o m t he o v a r i e s, a n d c ha n ge s t h e c e r v i c a l m u c u s , c au s i n g i t t o b ec o m e t h i c k e r a n d m ak i n g it m o r e d if f i cu l t f o r s pe r m t o s wi m i n t o t h e w o m b . T he p i l l a l s o doe s no t a l l o w t h e l i n i n g o f t h e w o m b t o de v e l op e nou gh t o r ec e i ve an d nu r t u r e a f e rti l i zed egg . T h i s m e t h o d o f b irt h c on t r o l o f f e r s n o p r o t e cti o n aga i n s t s e x ua ll y -t r an s mi t t e d d i se a s e s . Piyush kumar Verma 20

21. No r p l a n t I m p l a n t Piyush kumar Verma 21

22. Nor p l a n t Cons i de r a t i o ns S h ou l d b e c o ns id e r e d l on g t e rm b i r t h c o n t r o l R equ i r e s n o upke e p  E xt r e m e l y e ff e ct i v e i n p r egna n c y p r e ven t i o n > 9 9 % Piyush kumar Verma 22

23. E m e r gen cy con t r ace p t i o n p ill s ca n r edu ce t h e c hanc e o f a p r e g nanc y b y 75 % if t ake n w i t h in 7 2 ho u rs o f un p r o t e ct e d s e x ! E me r g e n c y Co n t r ac e p ti o n Piyush kumar Verma 23

24. E me r g e n c y C o n tr ace p t i o n ( E C P ) M u st b e t a k e n w i t hi n 7 2 h o u r s o f t h e a ct o f unp r o t e c t e d i n t e rc ou rse o r f ail u r e o f c on t r a c ep t io n m e t ho d M u st r e c e i v e E C P f r o m a ph ys i c ia n 7 5 – 84 % e f f e ct i v e i n r edu c in g p r egnan cy Piyush kumar Verma 24

25. ECP F l oods t he o v a r i e s w i t h h i gh a m oun t o f ho rm one and p r even t s ovu l a t i on A l t e r s t he en v i r on m e n t of t h e u t e r u s, m a k i ng i t d i s r up t i ve t o t he egg and sp e r m T w o se t s o f p il l s t a k en exa ct l y 12 hou r s apa r t Piyush kumar Verma 25

26. BARR I E R M E T H O D S S p e r m i c id e s M a l e Cond om F e m al e C ondo m Di aph r ag m C e r v ic a l C ap Piyush kumar Verma 26

27. B A R R I E R M E T H O D P r eve n t s p r egna n c y b l ock s t h e e g g a nd s p e rm f r o m m ee t i n g B a rr ie r m e t hod s ha ve h ig he r f a il u r e r a t es t h a n h o rm o n a l m e t h od s d u e t o des i g n an d hu m a n e rr or Piyush kumar Verma 27

28. SPERM ICI D ES Ch e m i c a l s k i l l s p e rm i n t h e v a g i n a D i f f e r e n t f o rm s : - J e l l y - F oa m - F i l m - S u p po s i t o r y S o m e w o rk i n s t a n t l y , o t h e rs r e qu i re p r e - in s e r t i o n O n l y 7 6 % e f f e c t i v e ( u s e d a l on e ) , s h ou l d b e u s e d i n c o m b i n a t i o n w i t h an o t he r m e t h o d i . e . , c o n do m s Piyush kumar Verma 28

29. M A L E C O ND O M M o s t c o m m o n a n d e f f e c t i v e ba rr i e r m e t h o d wh e n u s e d p r o p e r l y L a t e x a n d P o l y u r e t h a n e s h ou l d o n l y b e u s e d i n t h e p r e v e n t i o n o f p r e g n an cy an d s p r e a d o f S T D ’ s ( i n c l u d i n g H IV ) Piyush kumar Verma 29

30. M A L E C O ND O M P e r f e ct e f f ec t i v e nes s r a t e = 97 % T yp i c a l e f f ec t i v e nes s r a t e = 88 % La t e x a n d p ol yu r e t han e cond o ms a re a v a il a ble C o m bi n i n g con d o ms w i t h sp e rm i c i de s r a i se s e ff e ct i ve n es s l eve l s t o 9 9% Piyush kumar Verma 30

31. FEMALE C O ND O M M ade as an a l te r na t i v e t o m a l e c o n d o m s P o l y u r e t hane P hy s i c a l l y i ns e r t ed i n th e vag i na P e r f e c t r ate = 95% T y p i c a l r ate = 79% W o m an can u s e f e m a l e condom i f pa r t ner r e fu s es Piyush kumar Verma 31

32. R e a l i t y  : T h e F ema l e Co n dom T h e f e m a l e c ond om i s a l ub r i c a t e d po l y u r e t han e s hea t h , s i m i l a r i n app e a r a n ce t o a m a l e c o n do m. I t i s i ns e r t ed i n t o t he v ag i na . T he c l os e d en d c o v e r s t h e c e r v ix. L i k e t h e m a l e c on d o m, i t i s i n t e nde d f o r o n e -t i m e u s e a nd t he n d i s c a r ded . Piyush kumar Verma 32

33. Vaginal R i ng ( Nu v aRing) 95 - 99 % E f fect i ve A n ew r i n g i s i n se rte d i nt o t h e v a g i na ea ch m on th D oe s n ot re qu i re a " f i t t i n g" by a h e a l th c a r e p r o v i der, do es not r equ i r e s pe r m i c i de, c a n m a ke p er i od s m o r e re gu l a r a n d l e ss p a i nfu l , no p il l t o t a ke d a i l y, ab ili t y t o be c o m e p r egn a nt r etu r n s qu i ck l y w he n u se i s s toppe d . N u va R in g i s a fl e xi b le p las t i c (et hy l en e -vi n yl a c e t a te c o p o lyme r ) r i n g t ha t r e l e as e s a l o w d o se o f a p r o g e s t i n an d a n e s t ro g e n o ver 3 w eeks. Piyush kumar Verma 33

34. D I AP R A G HM P e r f e c t E ff e ct i veness R at e = 94% T y p i c a l E ff e ct i veness R at e = 80% La tex ba rr i er p l aced i ns i d e v ag i na du r i ng i n t e r cou r se F i tt ed by phy s i c i an S pe rm i c i d a l j e l l y b e f o r e i n s e r t i on Inse r t ed up t o 18 hou r s be f o r e i n t e r c ou r se and can be l e ft i n f or a t o t al o f 24 hou r s Piyush kumar Verma 34

35. D I A P H R A G M T he d i ap h r a gm i s a f l e x i b l e r ub b e r cup t ha t i s fi l l e d w i t h s pe r m i c i d e an d se l f-i n s e rt e d o v e r t h e c e r v i x p r i o r t o i n t e r c ou r s e . T h e de v i c e i s l e f t i n p l a ce s e v e r a l h ou r s a f t er i n t e r co u r s e . T h e d i a p h r a g m i s a p r e sc r i be d de v i c e f i t t ed by a h ea l t h c a r e p r o f e s s i o na l an d i s m o r e e x pen s i v e t ha n o t he r ba r ri e r m e t ho d s, such a s co ndo m s Piyush kumar Verma 35

36. C ERV I C A L C AP La tex ba rr i er i nse r t ed i n v ag i na be f o r e i n t e r cou r se “C aps” a r o u nd ce r v i x wi t h su c t i on F i l l w i t h spe rm i c i d al j e l l y p ri o r t o u s e C a n be l e ft i n body f or up t o a t o t al o f 48 hou r s M u st be l e ft i n p l a c e s i x hou r s a ft er s exual i n t e r cou r se P e r f e c t e ff e ct i veness r at e = 91% T y p i c a l e ff e ct i veness r at e = 80% Piyush kumar Verma 36

37. Ce r v i c al Cap T h e c e r v i c a l c a p i s a f l e x i b l e r ubbe r c up - l i k e d e v i ce t ha t i s f il l e d wi t h sp e rmi c i d e an d se l f-i n s e rt e d o v e r t h e c e r v i x p r i o r t o i n t e r c ou r s e . T h e de v i c e i s l e ft i n p l a c e s e ve r a l hou r s a f t e r i n t e r c ou r s e . T h e c a p i s a p r e s c ri be d de v i c e f it t e d b y a h e a l t h c a r e p r o f ess i on al an d can be m o r e e x pen s i v e t ha n o t he r ba r ri e r m e t hod s , such a s co ndo ms. Piyush kumar Verma 37

38. Spon g e T h e s pong e i s i ns e r t ed by t h e w o m a n i n t o t h e va g i na a n d c o v e r s t h e ce r v i x b l o c k i n g s pe r m f r o m en t e r i n g t h e c e r v i x . T h e sp ong e a l so co n t a i n s a sp e rmi c i d e t ha t k i l l s s pe r m. I t i s a v a i l a b l e w i t h o u t a p r e s c ri p t i o n Piyush kumar Verma 38

39. I N T R A U T E R I N E D EV I C ES ( I UD) T - s hape d ob j ect p l a c e d i n th e ute r u s t o p rev ent p r eg n an cy M ust b e on pe r i o d d u r i n g i n s er t i on A N atu ral c h i l d b i rt h r eq u i r e d to u se I U D E x tr e m e l y ef f ect i ve wi thout u s i n g h o r m one s > 9 7 % M ust b e i n m on o ga mo u s re l a t i o n s h i p T h e i n t r au t e r i n e de v i ce ( I UD ) s ho w n u s e s c o p pe r a s t h e a c t i ve co n t r a c ep t i v e , o t he r s u se p r oge s t e r o n e i n a p l a st i c d e v i c e . I UD s a r e v e r y e f f e c t i ve a t p r ev en ti n g p r egna ncy ( l e s s t ha n 2 % c han c e pe r y ea r f o r t h e p r oge s t e r on e IUD, l ess t ha n 1 % ch an ce pe r y e ar f or t he c oppe r I UD ) . IUD s c o m e w i t h i nc r ea sed r i sk o f e ct op i c p r egna ncy an d p e rf o r a t i o n o f t h e u t e r u s an d d o no t p r o t e ct a g a i n st s e x u a l l y t r an s m i t t ed d i s ea se . IUD s a r e p r e s c r i be d a nd p l ac e d b y h e a l t h c a r e p r ov i de r s. Piyush kumar Verma 39

40. Copper T v s .. P rog e s t a s e r t 1 ye a rs 99. 2 % effe c t i ve C oppe r o n I U D act s as s pe r m i c i de, I U D b l ocks eg g f r o m i mp l a nt i n g M ust c he ck s t r i n g b efo r e s e x a n d af t e r sh edd i n g of ute r i n e li n i ng. 1 y e ar 98 % eff e ct i ve T s h ape d p l ast i c t h a t re l e as e s ho r mo n es o v e r a o ne y ea r t i me f r a m e T h i ck e ns m u cu s, b l o ck i n g eg g C he ck s tr i ng b e fo re s e x & aft er s h e dd i n g o f ut er i n e li n i n g. Piyush kumar Verma 40

41. STER I L I Z AT I O N P r oce d u re p e r f o r m e d o n a m a n o r a w o m a n pe r m a n en t l y s t e r iliz e s F e m al e = T uba l L i ga t i o n M a l e = V as e c t o m y Piyush kumar Verma 41

42. TUBAL L IGATIO N S u r g i c a l p r o c e d u re p e r f o rm e d o n a w o m a n F a l l o p i a n t u be s a re c u t , t ie d , c a u t e r i z e d , p r e v e n t s e gg s f r o m r e a c h i n g s pe rm F a i l u r e r a t e s v a ry b y p r o c ed u r e , f r o m . 8 % - 3 . 7 % M a y e x p e r i en ce he a v i e r pe r i o d s S u r g i c a l s t e r i l i za t i o n w h i c h pe r m anen tl y p r ev en t s t h e t r an s po r t o f t h e eg g t o t he u t e r u s b y m ean s o f s e a l i n g t h e f a l l o p i a n t u be s i s c a l l ed t u b a l l i g a t i on , co m m on l y ca l l e d "ha v i n g o n e' s t u be s t i e d . " T h i s ope r a t i o n c a n b e pe r f o rm e d l apa r o s c op i c a ll y o r i n co n j u n ct i o n wit h a C e s a r ea n se ct i on , a f t e r t h e b a b y i s d e l i ve r e d . T ub al l i g a t i o n i s c on s i de r e d pe r m anen t, b u t su r g i cal r ev e r s a l can b e p e rf o r m ed i n so m e c a s e s Piyush kumar Verma 42

43. L A P A R O S C O P Y - ’ BAND-A I D ’ STE R I L I Z A TIO N Piyush kumar Verma 43

44. VASECT O M Y M a l e s t e r i li za t i o n p r oced u re L ig a t io n o f V a s De f e r en s t ub e N o - sc al pe l t ech ni qu e ava ila b le F as t e r an d e as ie r r e c ove ry t ha n a t u ba l lig a t ion F a il u r e r a t e = . 1 % , m o r e e ff e c t iv e t h an f e m a l e s t e r iliz a t i o n Piyush kumar Verma 44

45. D u r i n g a v a se c t o my ( “cu tt i n g t he v a s ” ) a u r o l o g i st c ut s an d l i g a te s ( t i e s o f f ) t h e du c tu s d e fe r e n s. S pe r m a r e st il l p r odu c e d but c annot e x i t th e bo d y. S pe r m e ve ntua ll y de t e r i o ra t e a nd a r e ph a go cyt i z ed. A man i s ste r i l e , but be c a use te s toste r on e i s s t i l l p r odu c e d h e r et a i ns h i s s e x d r i ve an d s ec onda r y s e x c h a r a c te r i st i cs. Piyush kumar Verma 45

46. M E T H O D S BA SE D O N I N FO R M A T I O N W i t h d r awa l N a t u r a l F a m il y P l ann ing F e r t i l i ty A wa r enes s M e t ho d A b s t in enc e Piyush kumar Verma 46

47. W I T HDRA W A L Re m o v a l o f p e n i s f r o m t h e v a g i n a b e f o re e j a c u l a t i o n o cc u rs N O T a s u ff i c i e n t m e t h o d o f b i r t h c o n t r o l b y i t s e l f Eff e c t i v e n e s s r a t e i s 8 % ( v e ry u n p r e d i c t a b l e i n t e e n s , wid e v a r i a t i on ) 1 o f 5 w o m e n p r a ct i c i n g w i t h d r aw a l b e c o m e p r e g n a n t V e ry d i ff i c u l t f o r a m a l e t o ‘ c o n t r o l ’ Piyush kumar Verma 47

48. Na t u r a l F a mi l y P l a nn i ng & F e r t i li ty A w a r e n ess Me t hod W o m en t ake a c l ass on t he m e n s t r u al c y c l e t o ca l cu l at e m o r e f e r t il e t im es R e q u ir e s spe c i al e q u i p m en t and canno t be s e l f - t augh t N FP ab st a i ns f r om s ex du r i ng t he c a l c u l a t ed f e r t i l e t i m e F A M us e s ba r r i e r m e t hods du r i ng f e r t i l e t im e P e r f e c t e ff e ct i veness r at e = 91% T y p i c a l e ff e ct i veness r at e = 75% N o 1 % sa f e day -i rr egu l ar pe r i ods Piyush kumar Verma 48

49. Piyush kumar Verma 49

50. Piyush kumar Verma 50

51. EXCEL L E N T R E F E R E NC E SEE: www. p l annedpa r en t hood . o r g / b c H a t che r , R obe r t, M D C on t r acep t i v e T e c hno l ogy , 1 7 e d . ( 2001) https ://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis) Piyush kumar Verma 51