Leucocytosis and leucopenia

Its about white blood cell disorders

1. LEUCOCYTOSIS AND LEUCOPENIA BY G.JANANI

2. Leucocytosis It is the increase in number of white blood cells in the blood especially during an infection. It can be caused by i nfections,inflammation,allergic reaction,malignancy,hereditary disorders or other miscellaneous causes. It is also caused by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,macrophage colony stimulating factor,c -kit ligand,adhesion molecules( eg : cd 11b, cd18) and various cytokines ( eg:interleukin -1,interleukin-3,interleukin-6,interleukin-8).

3. LEUKOCYTOSIS DIAGNOSIS The peripheral leukocyte count is determined by several mechanisms including, The size of precursor and storage pool of myeloid and lymphoid cells. The rate of release of the cells from the storage pool in the bone marrow. The rate of marginating cells out of blood vessels into the tissues. The rate of consumption of cells in the tissues(i.e.) cell loss.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKOCYTOSIS

5. NEUTROPHILIA It is due to increased production. Decreased egress from vascular space. Increased mobilization from the marrow storage pool. Reduced margination into the tissue. The count is more than > 100×10 power 9/L

6. LYMPHOCYTOSIS It s 20-40%in circulation. Adult >4000/ml Older children>7000/ml Infants >9000/ml

7. MONOCYTOSIS It is also called as mononucleosis in case of infection. Monocytes give rise to macrophages and dendritic cells in the immune system. The range >950/ µl.

8. EOSINOPHILIA Normal range-4.5 ×10 power 8 /L This disease is usually controlled by corticosteroids .

9. BASOPHILIA Normal range-10 power 10/L It is usually associated with pruritus (itching) due to release of histamine.

10. LEUCOPENIA A reduction in number of white blood cell in the blood typical of various diseases. Here also the most important classification is neutropenia . It is also sub-classified into 5 types as leucocytosis .

11. NEUTROPENIA Neutrophil count < 2.0 ×10 power 9 /L. Black and Middle East people may have count <1.5×10 power 9 /L normally.

12. LYMPHOPENIA Range<1.5 ×10 power 9 /L.

13. BASOPENIA Range < 0.1×10 9 /L It is caused due to infection , inflammation,haemorrhage,allergic reaction etc .

14. MONOCYTOPENIA Range< 0.2×10 power 9 / L

15. EOSINOPENIA

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