LEUKEMIA(BLOOD CANCER ).pptx

LEUKEMIA

1. LEUKEMIA(BLOOD CANCER )

2. DEFINITION Un Controlled neoplastic proliferation of leucocyte precursors.

3. Incidence Most common malignancy of children less than 15 years of age Peak incidence is at 4years of age

4. causes virus- papilloma virus, epstein - Barr virus. Radiations Exporure to chemical and drug like 1 . Benzene 2 . Dilantin

5. ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA : Acute lymphoid or acute lymphotic leukemia is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in children which accounts for 80 %of all childhood leukemia acute lymphocytic leukemia develops when lymphoid cell line is affected

6. Causes: viruses irradication exposure to certain toxic chemicals drugs certain predisposition

7. Types of acute lymphoid leukemia T cell B cell Pre B cell Null cell

8. T cell leukemia : It is seen in 10-15% cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia It is seen in older children , particularly males Signs and symptoms M ediastinal mass, H epato spleenomegaly,high WBC count, CNS involvement may be seen ,poor prognosis

9. B cell: It is seen in 1-2% children will acute lymphoid leukaemia It is an aggressive form and has poor prognosis Pre B cell: It has good prognosis and responds well to therapy

10. Null cell leukemia : The most common type of children ALL occuring in 75% It has better prognosis that other types

11. ACUTE NON LYMPHOID /ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA Acute non lymphocytic leukemia is abnormal proliferation of monocytes and myclocytes in bonr marrow It is present approximately 15% children withleukemia ,it has a poor prognosis

12. Types of TML Acute myeloblastic Acute promyelocytic Acute myelo monocytic Acute monocytic Acute erythrocytic

13. Signs and symptoms Recurrent chronic infection Fatigue Lymphadenomegaly Bone or joint pain Pallor Frequent bruising Gingival hypertrophy may be present Features of CNS involved like Head ache Blurred vision fundamental haemorrhage paresis

14. Diagnostic evaluation History and physical examination Peripheral blood smear Bone marrow examination Blood investigation several Radiology examination Lumbar puncture Chromosomal studies

15. Treatment Treatment of leukaemia involves the use of chemotherapeutic agents with as without cranial irradiation Chemotherapy Induction phase Consolidation phase Maintaince therapy