Leukemia_vs_Lymphoma_Comparison .pptx

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1. Comparison Between Leukemia and Lymphoma Aspect Leukemia Lymphoma Definition A cancer of blood-forming tissues, leading to the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal white blood cells, typically starting in the bone marrow. A cancer that begins in the lymphatic system, particularly in lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). Primary Site Bone Marrow and Bloodstream: Leukemia primarily affects the blood and bone marrow, disrupting the production of normal blood cells. Lymphatic System: Lymphoma begins in the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, or other lymphoid tissues, affecting the immune system. Types Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Common in children; progresses quickly. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Affects myeloid cells; occurs mostly in adults. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Slow-growing; common in older adults. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Slow-growing at first, but can become more aggressive over time. Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL): Identified by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells; common in young adults and has a relatively high cure rate. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL): A large group of lymphomas that affect either B-cells or T-cells, with various subtypes; more common than Hodgkin Lymphoma. Affected Cells Affects white blood cells, particularly abnormal blast cells that can either be lymphoid (affecting lymphocytes) or myeloid (affecting granulocytes, monocytes, etc.). Primarily affects lymphocytes, either B-cells or T-cells, depending on the lymphoma type. These cells are part of the body's immune response. Growth Pattern Leukemia generally circulates in the bloodstream and bone marrow. It does not form solid tumors but spreads throughout the blood, making it a systemic disease from the onset. Lymphoma typically forms solid tumors in the lymph nodes or other lymphatic tissues and may spread to other organs over time. Symptoms Fatigue (due to anemia), Frequent infections (due to low normal white blood cells), Bruising and bleeding (due to low platelet count), Bone pain (due to abnormal cells in the marrow), Fever and night sweats, Weight loss Painless swollen lymph nodes (usually in the neck, armpits, or groin), Fever, night sweats, chills, Unexplained weight loss, Fatigue, Itchy skin, Shortness of breath if spread to chest. Diagnosis Blood tests (CBC), Bone marrow biopsy, Genetic testing (e.g., Philadelphia chromosome in CML) Lymph node biopsy, Imaging tests (CT scan, PET scan, MRI) to identify the extent of lymph node involvement and spread to other organs. Treatment Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Stem cell transplant, Targeted therapy (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitors for CML) Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Immunotherapy, Stem cell transplant (for aggressive or relapsed forms of lymphoma). Age Group ALL most common in children, while AML, CML, and CLL are more common in older adults. Hodgkin Lymphoma common in young adults, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma generally affects older adults. Prognosis Varies widely; acute leukemias progress quickly, but many patients (especially children with ALL) can achieve long-term remission. Chronic leukemias progress more slowly but can sometimes become aggressive. Depends on the type and stage. Hodgkin Lymphoma has a high cure rate (80%+ 5-year survival). Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma prognosis varies by subtype; aggressive types may be curable, while indolent types may be controlled long-term.