LEVELS OF CONTEXT OF COMMUNICATION.pptx

Communication context

1. LEVELS OF CONTEXT OF COMMUNICATION

2. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION 1. Non-verbal communication 2. Verbal communication facial expression hand gestures posture eye contact other body languages pitch tone content structure clarity content

3. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION 3. Visual communication Pictures (in books, graphics, posters, drawings, videos) Logos Signages symbolisms

4. Types of communication contexts Context refers to the setting in which communication takes place. The context helps establish meaning and can influence what is said and how it is said. It is as a result of this fact that effective communication depends on the mass of common shared knowledge between various people. For a one to understand a unit of communication on a technical level, they need to understand the process regarding the outcome of the transmission with consideration upon whether it was understood by the receiver. There are however five different forms of existing context today (Louw and Cilliers 2014).

5. Physical Context The  physical context  refers to the concrete environment.  It can be a sporting event, place of worship, or restaurant.  Each atmosphere has its own set of rules for how to communicate (i.e. you would not talk in the same manner at a basketball game as you would at a church). 

6. Cultural Context The cultural context refers to the values, beliefs, lifestyles, and behaviors of a group of people. Such instances will influence whether something is considered right or wrong by the people involved. For example, an American may be put off by a French speaker invading his/her space. This difficultly arises from the very different American and French cultures in terms of proxemics, for Americans tend to be less comfortable when they are not given personal space.

7. Social-psychological The social-psychological context involves the norms of the group in a particular situation, including the intimacy level among speakers and the formality of the exchange. Again, there are certain rules set regarding how to communicate, for a conversation held between boyfriend and girlfriend would not be handled in the same manner as a conversation between boss and worker.

8. Temporal/historical Context The temporal context is the positioning of a message within a sequence of conversational events. It governs the mood of the conversation and how topics are to be addressed and related thereafter. For example, the conversation is carried differently when someone admits they were laid off from a job or when a couple announces the birth of their first child.

9. The historical/temporal context involves the expectation of the speaker and the audience in situations that happen regularly or have happened in the past. For example, a sales agent does some sales talking of a certain product to a client, he/she already has expectations on what could happen and how things will go basing from his experiences(historical). But it does not mean that those expectations must happen every time, but the speaker should be aware of both their own historical expectations and that of the audience.

10. Psychological Context The psychological context refers to the mood and emotions of the audience, as well as the speaker to a lesser extent. How the audience is feeling will have an impact on how the speaker's messages will be received, and how they should be delivered. For example, the mood of a class at 8:00 in the morning is different from their mood before lunch break. Their mood to listen to the teacher early in the morning is still good until it reaches 10:00 o’clock, by that time, their mood slowly changes as lunch break nears.

11. Psychological Context The psychological context refers to the mood and emotions of the audience, as well as the speaker to a lesser extent. How the audience is feeling will have an impact on how the speaker's messages will be received, and how they should be delivered. For example, the mood of a class at 8:00 in the morning is different from their mood before lunch break. Their mood to listen to the teacher early in the morning is still good until it reaches 10:00 o’clock, by that time, their mood slowly changes as lunch break nears.

12. Modes of COMMUNICATION

13. MODES OF COMMUNICATION Mode is a term used to describe the way something is done or experienced. Mode of communication describes the way communication is expressed. There are three modes of communication: Interpersonal communication, interpretive communication, presentational communication.

14. THREE MODES OF COMMUNICATION INTERPERSONAL INTERPRETIVE PRESENTATIONAL Two-way communication with active negotiation of meaning among individuals One-way communication with no recourse to the active negotiation of meaning with the writer, speaker, or producer One-way communication intended for an audience of readers, listeners, or viewers Spontaneous   Usually involves exchange of information   Meaningful Reader, listener or viewer interprets what the author, speaker, or producer wants the receiver of the message to understand Presentation of information; not exchange   No direct opportunity for the active negotiation of meaning exists

15. INTERPERSONAL INTERPRETIVE PRESENTATIONAL Participants observe and monitor one another to see how their meanings and intentions are being communicated and make adjustments and clarifications accordingly Interpretation differs from comprehension and translation in that it implies the ability to read, listen or view “between the lines,” including understanding from within the cultural mindset or perspective To ensure the intended audience is successful in its interpretation, the “presenter” needs knowledge of the audience’s language and culture Speaking and listening (face-to-face conversation, phone call, videocall)   Reading and writing (text messages, messages on social media, letters, email) Reading of authentic texts (websites, stories and other literature, articles, signs)   Listening to authentic texts (speeches, messages, songs, radio news, ads)   Viewing of authentic materials (videos, movies, presentations, TV shows, commercials, news, plays) Writing (messages, articles, advertisements, flyers, brochures, short stories, reports, scripts, Power Point presentations);   Speaking (telling a story, giving a speech, TV or radio news, drama presentations including skits, presentation to jury)