LFT (LIVER FUNCTION TEST),LIVER PANEL TEST.pptx

LIVER,FUNCTIONS OF LIVER ,INDICATIONS OF LFT

1. LFT (LIVER FUNCTION TEST) L iver panel test , hepatic panel test BY : KISMAT ALI BMLT(GOLD MEDALIST IUL),MMLT PATHOLOGY –AVBMU TUTOR AT IUL LUCKNOW.

2. LIVER PANEL TEST or (hepatic panel test) Introduction : - Liver function test is a group of tests which are done to assess the function of liver and its associated diseases by obtaining blood sample (serum) from patient. Liver is a versatile, largest internal organ of the body which perform various functions in the body. Liver is located in the abdomen region below the diaphragm and above the stomach. It is 1.2- 1.5 kg. Largest gland of the body.

3. Function of liver Conversion of ammonia to urea Synthesis of protein. Synthesis of bile juice. Conversion of unconjugated bilirubin to conjugated bilirubin. Synthesis of clotting factors. Detoxification. Production of cholesterol. Storage of micronutrients. Storage of glycogen and iron in the form of ferritin.

4. LFT includes following test. Specimen : - blood sample (serum) BY VEIN PUNCTURING in plain tube (red color stopper), SST TUBE (serum separator tube- yellow color stopper. LFT IS DONE BY BOTH FULLY AUTOMATED AND SEMIAUTOMATED METHOD AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) – SGOT: Serum Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) - SGPT: - Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) GGT (Gamma Glutamyl Transferase) Total bilirubin Direct bilirubin

5. Indirect bilirubin Total protein Albumin Globulin A/G ratio

6. INDICATION OF LIVER FUNCTION TEST Nausea and vomiting Lack of appetite Fatigue Weakness Jaundice , a condition that causes your skin and eyes to turn yellow Swelling  and/or  pain  in your abdomen (belly) Swelling in your ankles and legs Dark-colored urine (pee) and/or light-colored stool (poop) Frequent  itching Abdominal pain

7. AST (ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE) SGOT An AST blood test measures the amount of aspartate transferase in your blood. In most cases, your healthcare provider uses an AST blood test to help assess the health of your liver, but it can provide insight into other health conditions as well. When your cells get damaged, AST can leak into your bloodstream. Because of this, high levels of AST in a blood sample can be a sign of an underlying medical condition — most often (but not always), a liver condition.

8. Continue… As many types of liver conditions can cause AST levels in your blood to rise, healthcare providers don’t use the test alone to diagnose conditions. An AST blood test is most often included in a blood test panel, such as a liver enzyme panel (HFP) or a  comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) . A blood panel measures several aspects of your blood with one sample and can provide more detailed information about your overall health.

9. Continue.. Common names for an AST blood test include: Aspartate transferase (AST). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. SGOT. Aspartate transaminase. NORMAL RANGE: - 0 - 40 IU/L    

10. ALP (ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE) An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test measures the amount of ALP in your blood. ALP is an enzyme found in many parts of your body. Each part of your body produces a different type of ALP. Most ALP is found in your liver, bones, kidneys, and digestive system. Abnormal levels of ALP in your blood may be a sign of a wide range of health conditions, including  liver disease ,  bone disorders , and  chronic kidney disease . But an alkaline phosphatase test alone can't identify the source of ALP in your blood, so other tests are usually needed to make a diagnosis. Other names: ALP, ALK, PHOS, ALK PHOS NORMASL RANGE: - 44 – 147 U/L  

11. Continue.. ALT (ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE) ALT stands for alanine transaminase. It is an enzyme found mostly in the liver. An ALT test measures the amount of ALT in the blood. When liver cells are damaged, they release ALT into the bloodstream. High levels of ALT in your blood may be a sign of a liver injury or disease. Some types of  liver disease  cause high ALT levels before you have symptoms of the disease. So, an ALT blood test may help diagnose certain liver diseases early. Other names: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), GPT Norma range: - 0 – 45 IU/L ALT >AST

12. GGT (GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE)  GGT, is an enzyme found throughout the body, but especially in the liver. A high blood level of GGT can be a sign of a problem in the liver or bile ducts (which carry bile from the liver to the intestines to help digest food). NORMAL RANGE: -  5 to 40 U/L

13. TOTAL BILIRUBIN A bilirubin blood test measures the levels of bilirubin in your blood. Bilirubin is a yellowish substance made during your body's normal process of breaking down old red blood cells. Bilirubin is found in bile, a fluid your liver makes that helps you digest food. If your liver is healthy, it will remove most of the bilirubin from your body. If your liver is damaged, bilirubin can leak out of your liver and into your blood. When too much bilirubin gets into the bloodstream, it can cause  jaundice , a condition that causes your skin and eyes to turn yellow. Signs of jaundice, along with a bilirubin blood test, can help your health care provider find out if you have  liver disease .

14. Continue.. TOTAL BILIRUBIN = DIRECT BILIRUBIN + INDIRECT BILIRUBIN NORMMAL RANGE: - TOTAL BILIRUBIN – 0.2-1.2 mg/dl DIRECT BILlIRUBIN = 0.0-0.2 mg/dl INDIRECT BILIRUBIN (unconjugated ) = 0.2- 1.0 mg/dl

15. TOTAL PROTEIN, A/G RATIO   A total protein and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio test measure the total amount of protein in your blood. There are two major types of protein in the blood: Albumin, which helps keep blood from leaking out of blood vessels. It also helps move hormones, medicines, vitamins, and other important substances throughout the body. Albumin is made in the liver. Globulins, which help fight infection and move nutrients throughout the body. Some globulins are made by the liver. Others are made by the  immune system . The test also compares the amount of albumin in your blood to the amount of globulin. The comparison is called the albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio.

16. Continue.. If your total protein levels or A/G ratio results are not normal, it can be a sign of a serious health problem. Other names: total serum protein, TP albumin/globulin ratio TOTAL PROTEIN NORMAL RANGE: - 6.5 – 8.5 GM/DL ALBUMIN = 3.5 - 5-5 gm/dl GLOBULIN= 2.5 - 3.5 gm/dl A/G RATIO= 1.2-2.5

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