Life cycle of the teeth & tooth structure
LamaKBanna
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Dec 06, 2017
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About This Presentation
Human dentition
Dr. Hazem Al Ajrami
First Year in Dentistry First Semester
Al-Azhar University - Gaza
Lama El Banna
Slide Content
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College of DentistryCollege of Dentistry
Human Dentition Human Dentition
Life Cycle of the Teeth & Life Cycle of the Teeth & Tooth StructureTooth Structure
Dr. Hazem Al AjramiDr. Hazem Al Ajrami
College of DentistryCollege of Dentistry
Human Dentition Human Dentition
Life Cycle of the Teeth & Life Cycle of the Teeth & Tooth StructureTooth Structure
Dr. Hazem Al AjramiDr. Hazem Al Ajrami
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The teeth developed in their crypts and The teeth developed in their crypts and
passing in several stages of development till passing in several stages of development till
they appear in the oral cavity, functioning they appear in the oral cavity, functioning
and lasted till the end of their life. These and lasted till the end of their life. These
stages are known as life cycle of a tooth and stages are known as life cycle of a tooth and
they are 5 stages:they are 5 stages:
1.1.Soft growth stages.Soft growth stages.
2.2.Mineralization stage. Mineralization stage.
3.3.Eruption.Eruption.
4.4.Attrition.Attrition.
5.5.Shedding and loss.Shedding and loss.
The teeth developed in their crypts and The teeth developed in their crypts and
passing in several stages of development till passing in several stages of development till
they appear in the oral cavity, functioning they appear in the oral cavity, functioning
and lasted till the end of their life. These and lasted till the end of their life. These
stages are known as life cycle of a tooth and stages are known as life cycle of a tooth and
they are 5 stages:they are 5 stages:
1.1.Soft growth stages.Soft growth stages.
2.2.Mineralization stage. Mineralization stage.
3.3.Eruption.Eruption.
4.4.Attrition.Attrition.
5.5.Shedding and loss.Shedding and loss.
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1.Soft growth stages:1.Soft growth stages:
A.A.Formation of the tooth band of primary teeth:Formation of the tooth band of primary teeth:
At 5 week in utero (WIU) basal cell layer of At 5 week in utero (WIU) basal cell layer of
mucous membrane lined the primitive oral cavity mucous membrane lined the primitive oral cavity
undergo cell division and extends in the undergo cell division and extends in the
underlying connective tissue to form a band of underlying connective tissue to form a band of
epithelium named tooth band or dental lamina.epithelium named tooth band or dental lamina.
B.B.Formation of enamel (dental) organ:Formation of enamel (dental) organ: the tooth the tooth
band shows cell division at labial surface to give band shows cell division at labial surface to give
rise to epithelial bulge called enamel (dental) rise to epithelial bulge called enamel (dental)
organ.organ.
1.Soft growth stages:1.Soft growth stages:
A.A.Formation of the tooth band of primary teeth:Formation of the tooth band of primary teeth:
At 5 week in utero (WIU) basal cell layer of At 5 week in utero (WIU) basal cell layer of
mucous membrane lined the primitive oral cavity mucous membrane lined the primitive oral cavity
undergo cell division and extends in the undergo cell division and extends in the
underlying connective tissue to form a band of underlying connective tissue to form a band of
epithelium named tooth band or dental lamina.epithelium named tooth band or dental lamina.
B.B.Formation of enamel (dental) organ:Formation of enamel (dental) organ: the tooth the tooth
band shows cell division at labial surface to give band shows cell division at labial surface to give
rise to epithelial bulge called enamel (dental) rise to epithelial bulge called enamel (dental)
organ.organ.
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C.C. Formation of dental papilla:Formation of dental papilla: the connective the connective
tissue divides inside this bulge and forms the tissue divides inside this bulge and forms the
dental papilla.dental papilla.
D.D. Formation of dental sac:Formation of dental sac: the connective the connective
tissue divides and surrounds the enamel tissue divides and surrounds the enamel
organ and the dental papilla by complete organ and the dental papilla by complete
delicate fibrous layer called dental sac. The delicate fibrous layer called dental sac. The
enamel organ, dental papilla and dental sac enamel organ, dental papilla and dental sac
are called tooth germ.are called tooth germ.
C.C. Formation of dental papilla:Formation of dental papilla: the connective the connective
tissue divides inside this bulge and forms the tissue divides inside this bulge and forms the
dental papilla.dental papilla.
D.D. Formation of dental sac:Formation of dental sac: the connective the connective
tissue divides and surrounds the enamel tissue divides and surrounds the enamel
organ and the dental papilla by complete organ and the dental papilla by complete
delicate fibrous layer called dental sac. The delicate fibrous layer called dental sac. The
enamel organ, dental papilla and dental sac enamel organ, dental papilla and dental sac
are called tooth germ.are called tooth germ.
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The enamel organ after development gives rise The enamel organ after development gives rise
to enamel structure, while the dental papilla to enamel structure, while the dental papilla
gives rise to dentin and pulp. The dental sac gives rise to dentin and pulp. The dental sac
gives rise to cementum, periodontal ligament gives rise to cementum, periodontal ligament
and alveolar bone.and alveolar bone.
During the development of deciduous teeth the During the development of deciduous teeth the
dental lamina divides lingually to give the dental lamina divides lingually to give the
enamel organ of permanent successor. Also enamel organ of permanent successor. Also
the dental lamina grows back in the the dental lamina grows back in the
developing jaw to give the tooth germ of the developing jaw to give the tooth germ of the
permanent molars.permanent molars.
The enamel organ after development gives rise The enamel organ after development gives rise
to enamel structure, while the dental papilla to enamel structure, while the dental papilla
gives rise to dentin and pulp. The dental sac gives rise to dentin and pulp. The dental sac
gives rise to cementum, periodontal ligament gives rise to cementum, periodontal ligament
and alveolar bone.and alveolar bone.
During the development of deciduous teeth the During the development of deciduous teeth the
dental lamina divides lingually to give the dental lamina divides lingually to give the
enamel organ of permanent successor. Also enamel organ of permanent successor. Also
the dental lamina grows back in the the dental lamina grows back in the
developing jaw to give the tooth germ of the developing jaw to give the tooth germ of the
permanent molars.permanent molars.
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2.Mineralization stage:2.Mineralization stage:
During the soft growth stage the enamel, During the soft growth stage the enamel,
dentin and cementum undergo calcification by dentin and cementum undergo calcification by
deposition of calcium salts in the soft organic deposition of calcium salts in the soft organic
matrix.matrix.
2.Mineralization stage:2.Mineralization stage:
During the soft growth stage the enamel, During the soft growth stage the enamel,
dentin and cementum undergo calcification by dentin and cementum undergo calcification by
deposition of calcium salts in the soft organic deposition of calcium salts in the soft organic
matrix.matrix.
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3.Eruption:3.Eruption:
It is the physiological process by which the It is the physiological process by which the
tooth moves from its bony crypt towards the tooth moves from its bony crypt towards the
oral cavity. When the crown and nearly 1/3 oral cavity. When the crown and nearly 1/3
of the root portion are calcified, the tooth of the root portion are calcified, the tooth
penetrates the oral mucous membrane. The penetrates the oral mucous membrane. The
process of eruption continues until the tooth process of eruption continues until the tooth
reaches its occlusal plane at the time to be in reaches its occlusal plane at the time to be in
contact with its opponents in the opposite contact with its opponents in the opposite
jaw. At this time the root is nearly jaw. At this time the root is nearly
completed.completed.
3.Eruption:3.Eruption:
It is the physiological process by which the It is the physiological process by which the
tooth moves from its bony crypt towards the tooth moves from its bony crypt towards the
oral cavity. When the crown and nearly 1/3 oral cavity. When the crown and nearly 1/3
of the root portion are calcified, the tooth of the root portion are calcified, the tooth
penetrates the oral mucous membrane. The penetrates the oral mucous membrane. The
process of eruption continues until the tooth process of eruption continues until the tooth
reaches its occlusal plane at the time to be in reaches its occlusal plane at the time to be in
contact with its opponents in the opposite contact with its opponents in the opposite
jaw. At this time the root is nearly jaw. At this time the root is nearly
completed.completed.
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4.Attrition:4.Attrition:
It is the physiological loss of the hard It is the physiological loss of the hard
dental structure due to the continuous friction dental structure due to the continuous friction
of the teeth with each other during of the teeth with each other during
mastication. This attrition is more mastication. This attrition is more
pronounced in the occlusal, incisal surfaces pronounced in the occlusal, incisal surfaces
and at the contact areas. The attrition is and at the contact areas. The attrition is
clearer in the permanent dentition than in the clearer in the permanent dentition than in the
primary one because of the short time the primary one because of the short time the
primary teeth stay in the function. primary teeth stay in the function.
4.Attrition:4.Attrition:
It is the physiological loss of the hard It is the physiological loss of the hard
dental structure due to the continuous friction dental structure due to the continuous friction
of the teeth with each other during of the teeth with each other during
mastication. This attrition is more mastication. This attrition is more
pronounced in the occlusal, incisal surfaces pronounced in the occlusal, incisal surfaces
and at the contact areas. The attrition is and at the contact areas. The attrition is
clearer in the permanent dentition than in the clearer in the permanent dentition than in the
primary one because of the short time the primary one because of the short time the
primary teeth stay in the function. primary teeth stay in the function.
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5.Shedding and loss:5.Shedding and loss:
Shedding is the physiological loss of the Shedding is the physiological loss of the
primary dentition and is replaced by primary dentition and is replaced by
permanent dentition. After few years permanent dentition. After few years
functioning, the primary teeth present functioning, the primary teeth present
resorption of their roots apically and resorption of their roots apically and
continuous until the whole roots are resorped continuous until the whole roots are resorped
and the crowns are exfoliated.and the crowns are exfoliated.
5.Shedding and loss:5.Shedding and loss:
Shedding is the physiological loss of the Shedding is the physiological loss of the
primary dentition and is replaced by primary dentition and is replaced by
permanent dentition. After few years permanent dentition. After few years
functioning, the primary teeth present functioning, the primary teeth present
resorption of their roots apically and resorption of their roots apically and
continuous until the whole roots are resorped continuous until the whole roots are resorped
and the crowns are exfoliated.and the crowns are exfoliated.
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The causes of root resorption during shedding The causes of root resorption during shedding
are due to:are due to:
Differentiation of giant cells called osteoclasts and Differentiation of giant cells called osteoclasts and
odontoclasts which resorp bone, dentin and odontoclasts which resorp bone, dentin and
cementum. These cells are differentiated as a cementum. These cells are differentiated as a
result of pressure of the erupted permanent result of pressure of the erupted permanent
successor.successor.
The periodontium of the primary teeth dose not The periodontium of the primary teeth dose not
tolerate the growth of the masticatory muscles.tolerate the growth of the masticatory muscles.
The loss of the permanent dentition is The loss of the permanent dentition is
pathological as the diseased teeth are extracted.pathological as the diseased teeth are extracted.
The causes of root resorption during shedding The causes of root resorption during shedding
are due to:are due to:
Differentiation of giant cells called osteoclasts and Differentiation of giant cells called osteoclasts and
odontoclasts which resorp bone, dentin and odontoclasts which resorp bone, dentin and
cementum. These cells are differentiated as a cementum. These cells are differentiated as a
result of pressure of the erupted permanent result of pressure of the erupted permanent
successor.successor.
The periodontium of the primary teeth dose not The periodontium of the primary teeth dose not
tolerate the growth of the masticatory muscles.tolerate the growth of the masticatory muscles.
The loss of the permanent dentition is The loss of the permanent dentition is
pathological as the diseased teeth are extracted.pathological as the diseased teeth are extracted.
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Tooth StructureTooth Structure
Tooth StructureTooth Structure
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The four tooth tissues are, Enamel, Dentin, The four tooth tissues are, Enamel, Dentin,
Cementum, and Pulp. The first three are hard Cementum, and Pulp. The first three are hard
mineralized tissues composed of an organic mineralized tissues composed of an organic
matrix embedded by crystalline forms of matrix embedded by crystalline forms of
calcium phosphate salt. The pulp is soft calcium phosphate salt. The pulp is soft
connective tissue.connective tissue.
The four tooth tissues are, Enamel, Dentin, The four tooth tissues are, Enamel, Dentin,
Cementum, and Pulp. The first three are hard Cementum, and Pulp. The first three are hard
mineralized tissues composed of an organic mineralized tissues composed of an organic
matrix embedded by crystalline forms of matrix embedded by crystalline forms of
calcium phosphate salt. The pulp is soft calcium phosphate salt. The pulp is soft
connective tissue.connective tissue.
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EnamelEnamel
Enamel (mostly inorganic, calcified) is the Enamel (mostly inorganic, calcified) is the
hard, white shiny surface of the anatomic crown. It hard, white shiny surface of the anatomic crown. It
is the outer surface of the crown. It is thickest over is the outer surface of the crown. It is thickest over
the tip of the crown and becomes thinner until ends the tip of the crown and becomes thinner until ends
at the cervical line. Enamel is the most mineralized at the cervical line. Enamel is the most mineralized
and hardest tissue in the human body. It’s the and hardest tissue in the human body. It’s the
protective outer surface of the anatomic crown, protective outer surface of the anatomic crown,
and is composed of: 95% calcium hydroxyapatite, and is composed of: 95% calcium hydroxyapatite,
4% water and 1% enamel matrix. 4% water and 1% enamel matrix.
EnamelEnamel
Enamel (mostly inorganic, calcified) is the Enamel (mostly inorganic, calcified) is the
hard, white shiny surface of the anatomic crown. It hard, white shiny surface of the anatomic crown. It
is the outer surface of the crown. It is thickest over is the outer surface of the crown. It is thickest over
the tip of the crown and becomes thinner until ends the tip of the crown and becomes thinner until ends
at the cervical line. Enamel is the most mineralized at the cervical line. Enamel is the most mineralized
and hardest tissue in the human body. It’s the and hardest tissue in the human body. It’s the
protective outer surface of the anatomic crown, protective outer surface of the anatomic crown,
and is composed of: 95% calcium hydroxyapatite, and is composed of: 95% calcium hydroxyapatite,
4% water and 1% enamel matrix. 4% water and 1% enamel matrix.
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This dense mineralization gives enamel This dense mineralization gives enamel
thus the ability to resist the wear that the thus the ability to resist the wear that the
crown of a tooth is subject to. Enamel is crown of a tooth is subject to. Enamel is
smooth which gives the crown a self-cleaning smooth which gives the crown a self-cleaning
ability.ability.
This dense mineralization gives enamel This dense mineralization gives enamel
thus the ability to resist the wear that the thus the ability to resist the wear that the
crown of a tooth is subject to. Enamel is crown of a tooth is subject to. Enamel is
smooth which gives the crown a self-cleaning smooth which gives the crown a self-cleaning
ability.ability.
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Dentin Dentin
Dentin ( mostly inorganic, calcified) is the Dentin ( mostly inorganic, calcified) is the
hard yellowish tissue underlying the enamel hard yellowish tissue underlying the enamel
and cementum, making up the major bulk and cementum, making up the major bulk
(main portion) of the tooth. Found in the (main portion) of the tooth. Found in the
crown and the root and surrounding the pulp crown and the root and surrounding the pulp
cavity, it is composed of 70% calcium cavity, it is composed of 70% calcium
hydroxyapatite, 18% organic matter (collagen hydroxyapatite, 18% organic matter (collagen
fibers) and 12% water.fibers) and 12% water.
Dentin Dentin
Dentin ( mostly inorganic, calcified) is the Dentin ( mostly inorganic, calcified) is the
hard yellowish tissue underlying the enamel hard yellowish tissue underlying the enamel
and cementum, making up the major bulk and cementum, making up the major bulk
(main portion) of the tooth. Found in the (main portion) of the tooth. Found in the
crown and the root and surrounding the pulp crown and the root and surrounding the pulp
cavity, it is composed of 70% calcium cavity, it is composed of 70% calcium
hydroxyapatite, 18% organic matter (collagen hydroxyapatite, 18% organic matter (collagen
fibers) and 12% water.fibers) and 12% water.
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It is softer than enamel, but harder than It is softer than enamel, but harder than
cementum or bone. The union of enamel and cementum or bone. The union of enamel and
dentin is called Dentino-Enamel Junction, and dentin is called Dentino-Enamel Junction, and
the union of the dentin and cementum is called the union of the dentin and cementum is called
Dentino-Cemental Junction.Dentino-Cemental Junction.
It is softer than enamel, but harder than It is softer than enamel, but harder than
cementum or bone. The union of enamel and cementum or bone. The union of enamel and
dentin is called Dentino-Enamel Junction, and dentin is called Dentino-Enamel Junction, and
the union of the dentin and cementum is called the union of the dentin and cementum is called
Dentino-Cemental Junction.Dentino-Cemental Junction.
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Dentino-Enamel Junction
Dentino-Cemental Junction
Dentino-Enamel Junction
Dentino-Cemental Junction
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CementumCementum
Cementum (mostly inorganic, calcified) is Cementum (mostly inorganic, calcified) is
a dull yellow external surface of the anatomic a dull yellow external surface of the anatomic
root (covering the dentin). It is a bony-like root (covering the dentin). It is a bony-like
substance and its main functions is to provide substance and its main functions is to provide
a medium for the attachment of the tooth to the a medium for the attachment of the tooth to the
alveolar bone. alveolar bone.
It is very thin layer next to the cervical line It is very thin layer next to the cervical line
but is increases slightly in thickness at the but is increases slightly in thickness at the
apex of the root. apex of the root.
CementumCementum
Cementum (mostly inorganic, calcified) is Cementum (mostly inorganic, calcified) is
a dull yellow external surface of the anatomic a dull yellow external surface of the anatomic
root (covering the dentin). It is a bony-like root (covering the dentin). It is a bony-like
substance and its main functions is to provide substance and its main functions is to provide
a medium for the attachment of the tooth to the a medium for the attachment of the tooth to the
alveolar bone. alveolar bone.
It is very thin layer next to the cervical line It is very thin layer next to the cervical line
but is increases slightly in thickness at the but is increases slightly in thickness at the
apex of the root. apex of the root.
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It is not as dense as hard as enamel or It is not as dense as hard as enamel or
dentin, but is denser than bone, it is composed dentin, but is denser than bone, it is composed
of 65% calcium hydroxyapatite, 23% organic of 65% calcium hydroxyapatite, 23% organic
matter and 12% water.matter and 12% water.
It is not as dense as hard as enamel or It is not as dense as hard as enamel or
dentin, but is denser than bone, it is composed dentin, but is denser than bone, it is composed
of 65% calcium hydroxyapatite, 23% organic of 65% calcium hydroxyapatite, 23% organic
matter and 12% water.matter and 12% water.
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PulpPulp
Pulp is the soft (not calcified) tissue, it is Pulp is the soft (not calcified) tissue, it is
found in the center part of the tooth, the pulp found in the center part of the tooth, the pulp
cavity is surrounded by dentine except at cavity is surrounded by dentine except at
apical foramen. It has a coronal and a root apical foramen. It has a coronal and a root
portions.portions.
The functions of the pulp are: formative, The functions of the pulp are: formative,
sensory, nutritive and defensive. Pulp is sensory, nutritive and defensive. Pulp is
composed of loose connective tissue, composed of loose connective tissue,
fibroblasts, blood vessels, nerves.fibroblasts, blood vessels, nerves.
PulpPulp
Pulp is the soft (not calcified) tissue, it is Pulp is the soft (not calcified) tissue, it is
found in the center part of the tooth, the pulp found in the center part of the tooth, the pulp
cavity is surrounded by dentine except at cavity is surrounded by dentine except at
apical foramen. It has a coronal and a root apical foramen. It has a coronal and a root
portions.portions.
The functions of the pulp are: formative, The functions of the pulp are: formative,
sensory, nutritive and defensive. Pulp is sensory, nutritive and defensive. Pulp is
composed of loose connective tissue, composed of loose connective tissue,
fibroblasts, blood vessels, nerves.fibroblasts, blood vessels, nerves.
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Anatomically the pulp cavity consists of Anatomically the pulp cavity consists of
two parts, the pulp chamber housed within the two parts, the pulp chamber housed within the
crown portion of the tooth, and the pulp canal crown portion of the tooth, and the pulp canal
which is located within the root of the tooth.which is located within the root of the tooth.
The constricted opening of the pulp canal The constricted opening of the pulp canal
is called the apical foramen. is called the apical foramen.
Anatomically the pulp cavity consists of Anatomically the pulp cavity consists of
two parts, the pulp chamber housed within the two parts, the pulp chamber housed within the
crown portion of the tooth, and the pulp canal crown portion of the tooth, and the pulp canal
which is located within the root of the tooth.which is located within the root of the tooth.
The constricted opening of the pulp canal The constricted opening of the pulp canal
is called the apical foramen. is called the apical foramen.
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The shape of the pulp canal or canals The shape of the pulp canal or canals
follows that of the respective root. It tapers follows that of the respective root. It tapers
from the cervix to the final constriction at the from the cervix to the final constriction at the
apical foramen.apical foramen.
The pulp chamber is always a single cavity The pulp chamber is always a single cavity
and is centered in the crown. Its outline and is centered in the crown. Its outline
conforms roughly with that of the crown. conforms roughly with that of the crown.
There are prolongation in the roof of the pulp There are prolongation in the roof of the pulp
chamber that correspond to the various cusps chamber that correspond to the various cusps
of the crown of the posterior teeth, and the of the crown of the posterior teeth, and the
developmental lobes of the anterior teeth of developmental lobes of the anterior teeth of
young persons called pulp horns. These pulp young persons called pulp horns. These pulp
horns disappear by age.horns disappear by age.
The shape of the pulp canal or canals The shape of the pulp canal or canals
follows that of the respective root. It tapers follows that of the respective root. It tapers
from the cervix to the final constriction at the from the cervix to the final constriction at the
apical foramen.apical foramen.
The pulp chamber is always a single cavity The pulp chamber is always a single cavity
and is centered in the crown. Its outline and is centered in the crown. Its outline
conforms roughly with that of the crown. conforms roughly with that of the crown.
There are prolongation in the roof of the pulp There are prolongation in the roof of the pulp
chamber that correspond to the various cusps chamber that correspond to the various cusps
of the crown of the posterior teeth, and the of the crown of the posterior teeth, and the
developmental lobes of the anterior teeth of developmental lobes of the anterior teeth of
young persons called pulp horns. These pulp young persons called pulp horns. These pulp
horns disappear by age.horns disappear by age.
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Thank YouThank You
Thank YouThank You
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